Moral hazard in natural disaster insurance markets has the effect that policyholders prepare less for disasters, which increases the risk they face. However, moral hazard may not arise due to high risk aversion of insured individuals and/or the inherent insurance market context. Chapter 4 offers a comprehensive empirical study of the relation between disaster risk reduction and insurance covera...

Risk assessment of rare natural hazards— such as large volcanic block and ash or pyroclastic flows— is addressed. Assessment is approached through a combination of computer modeling, statistical modeling, and extreme-event probability computation. A computer model of the natural hazard is used to provide the needed extrapolation to unseen parts of the hazard space. Statistical modeling of the a...

ABSTRACT- Overgrazing accelerates soil and vegetation degradation in rangelands. This study aimed to assess livestock pressure on natural resources of Khuzestan province, located in the south western part of Iran, using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and a model-based procedure. FAO/UNEP Model which uses a ratio of potential carrying capacity of region to current liv...

STUDY QUESTION Is it possible to construct an age curve denoting the ages above which women are biologically too old to reproduce? SUMMARY ANSWER We constructed a curve based on the distribution of female age at last birth in natural fertility populations reflecting the ages above which women have become biologically too old to have children. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The median age at last bir...

Natural hazards are complex phenomena that can occur independently, simultaneously, or in a series as cascading events. For any particular region, numerous single hazard maps may not necessarily provide all information regarding impending to the stakeholders for preparedness and planning. A multi-hazard map furnishes composite illustration of natural varying magnitude, frequency, spatial distri...