Government regulations to address technological risks are important for the successful development and application of nanotechnology, but there is an ongoing debate in the USA about who is responsible for the regulation of nanotechnology. In a mail survey of leading US nano-scientists, we examine scientists’ perceptions about nano-regulation, including the government level (local, national, or ...

solas convention is the most comprehensive international convention relating to safety of human life at sea. although detailed regulations of the convention, cover different aspects of marine safety, according to article 1, paragraph (b) of the convention the contracting governments have undertaken to promulgate any national regulations to give the convention complete effect, so as to ensure th...

Infection control input is vital throughout the planning, design and building stages of a new hospital project, and must continue through the commissioning (and decommissioning) process, evaluation and putting the facility into full clinical service. Many hospitals continue to experience problems months or years after occupying the new premises; some of these could have been avoided by infectio...

This article examines the causes of urban earthquake vulnerability in Gujarat, based on the case study of Ahmedabad city which was affected in the 2001, Gujarat earthquake. This paper argues that the non-compliance of regulations which causes urban vulnerability cannot be corrected merely by additional regulations or increased enforcement. An enabling environment of compliance of regulations ca...

The purpose of a building design process is to create a description that satisfies building functional specifications, requirements on performance and resource usage, as well as restrictions such as building regulations. The need to develop intelligent computer programs to check compliance of a design with building codes was specified by Niwa (1987), Sharpe and Oakes (1995). A previously propos...

Building with Nature is a new approach to designing water infrastructure, one that seeks to realize socioeconomic project goals in harmony with the environment. The Dutch dredging industry is promoting its application in the Netherlands, but similar concepts are emerging internationally. The Working with Nature concept has been developed under the auspices of the World Association for Waterborn...

User requirements, building codes, construction rules and regulations imply constraints on a building design. Additional constraints are introduced by the different participants of the collaborative planning process through the individual body of knowledge representing their particular domain. Checking digital building models for compliance with these constraints allows detecting design errors ...

Since a few years the attention for building regulatory systems and enforcement procedures is growing. Various developments in society, politics and the construction industry have influenced changes in the systems of building control in the last 20 years. The influence of climate change and the related demands on buildings will have a very strong impact of further transformations in this field....

INTRODUCTION Shifting HIV treatment tasks from physicians to nurses and midwives is essential to scaling-up HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa. Updating nursing and midwifery regulations to include task shifting and pre-service education reform can help facilitate reaching new HIV targets. Donor-supported initiatives to update nursing and midwifery regulations are increasing. However, there are...