Background & objectives: Environmental standards are quantitative criteria for protecting the environment from pollution and degradation. One of the solutions to improve air quality status is to use reasonable limits to prevent excessive release of airborne contaminants from their various sources. On the other hand, these standards are effective in evaluating air pollution reduction strategies....

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) and some countries have gradually strengthened the laws regulating ship exhaust emissions. The aim of this paper is to estimate the impact of an after-treatment technology exhaust gas cleaning (EGC) system on marine diesel engine emissions and the cost advantage compared to using low-sulfur fuel oil. Th...

Background: The preparedness and safety of hospitals in disasters are essential to maintain the health and survival of the community. Numerous studies have shown that the level of preparedness of Iranian hospitals is moderate and low. Lack of comprehensive hospital standards for disaster preparedness is one of the reasons. This study aimed to develop hospital accreditation standards for hospita...

In this study, a circulating fluidized bed of 125 mm diameter and 1800 mm height was used to find the combustion characteristics of olive cake (OC) produced in Turkey. Olive cake alone and olive cake+lignite coal mixtures were burned separately. Various olive cake/lignite coal ratios were tried. A suitable feeding mechanism of olive cake to the bed was developed. On-line concentrations of O2, S...

In this paper we explore the practical and welfare implications of a system of voluntary compliance within a market-based environmental regulation. The Substitution Provision of the SO2 emissions trading program allows the owner or operator of an affected electric utility unit to voluntarily designate a non-affected electric unit to become subject to all compliance requirements of affected unit...

Emissions of air pollutants from aircraft in large urban areas are a health concern to nearby residents. This study examined hourly concentrations of CO, NOx, SO2, and respirable suspended particles (RSP) taken in the vicinity of Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) and Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). The LAX data cover the period August 1997 through March 1998 and the HKIA all of 20...

In this paper we explore the practical and welfare implications of a system of voluntary compliance within a market-based environmental regulation. The Substitution Provision of the SO2 emissions trading program allows the owner or operator of an affected electric utility unit to voluntarily designate a non-affected electric unit to become subject to all compliance requirements of affected unit...