researchers within the last few decades because of its great potential utility for rapid drug delivery. It offers an attractive alternative for drugs that have limited oral bioavailability, are destroyed by gastrointestinal (GI) fluid, or are highly susceptible to hepatic first pass or gut-wall metabolism. Nasal drug delivery also offers the convenience and safety of noninvasiveness. In additio...

Recently, nasal route has received a great deal of attention as a method for systemic administration of drugs, especially those that have to be administered by injection. The nasal route is advantageous because of the rapid absorption of drug molecules across the nasal mucosa and the relative ease of administration (1). Nasal powder formulations may improve chemical and microbiologic stability ...

Nanomedicine is making groundbreaking achievements in drug delivery. The versatility of nanoparticles has given rise to its use in respiratory delivery that includes inhalation aerosol delivery by the nasal route and the pulmonary route. Due to the unique features of the respiratory route, research in exploring the respiratory route for delivery of poorly absorbed and systemically unstable drug...

The aim of this review is to provide information regarding significant aspects and challenges in developing nasal sprays. This article outlined the relevant anatomy, physiology & biological, physicochemical pharmaceutical factors that must be considered during formulation development Nasal drug delivery system most preferable route than other routes administration as it gives rapid onset ac...

delivery of exogenous materials such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, and drugs into cells is an important strategy in modern cellular and molecular biology. recently, the development of gene carriers for efficient gene transfer into cells has attracted a great attention. furthermore, lack of effective drug delivery is one of the major problems of cancer chemotherapy. many physical methods...