Financial development has been found to have mixed effects on CO2 emissions. One reason appears be the relationship is not linear, as assumed in most earlier studies. This paper re-examines between financial and emissions based a panel data of 61 countries categorised high- middle-income economies, from 1990 2018. study uses linear ARDL nonlinear (NARDL) methods analyse impact positive negative...

This study examines whether conventional bank lending rates influence Islamic financing in Indonesia and Malaysia that apply the dual-banking system. We employ ARDL, non-linear ARDL (NARDL) model, Pooled Mean Group (PMG). Evidence of long-run link between rate is found. However, instead symmetry, them asymmetry. The asymmetric pricing some specific contracts such as Mudharaba Murabaha strongly ...

This study investigates the symmetry and asymmetry impact of oil price shocks on economic growth for Iraqi economy during 1968-2019. For this purpose, we utilizing Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Nonlinear (NARDL).  The linear nonlinear ARDL found that have a positive long-run growth, as F statistics are greater than critical upper bound in all models. Moreover, results NARDL ...

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and financial inclusion (FI) on remittances in India China over 15-year period beginning first quarter 2003 ending fourth 2019 using augmented ARDL, non-augmented fourier causality test. results stationary tests demonstrate that variables are integrated a non-linear fashion, indicating become at level or...

Belirsizlik, yatırımların ertelenmesine, tasarrufların artmasına, tüketimin azalmasına ve sonuç olarak da uluslararası ticaret hacmini ekonomik yavaşlamaya yol açmaktadır. Küresel belirsizlik arasında asimetrik bir ilişki olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Başka ifadeyle, belirsizliklerin artmasının küresel azaltması, azalmasının ise artırması beklenmektedir. Bu durum, pozitif negatif şoklara karşı hac...

The environmental degradation and the concern for sustainable development have garnered extensive attention from researchers to evaluate prospects of green bonds over other traditional assets. Against this backdrop, current study measures asymmetric relationship between bonds, U.S. economic policy uncertainty (EPU), bitcoins by employing Nonlinear Autoregressive Distribution Lag (NARDL) estimat...

Purpose — This study assesses the symmetric and asymmetric effects of exchange rate volatility on trade flows in Nigeria.Method The employs quarterly data covers period 1995q1 to 2020q4. were sourced from International Financial Statistics (IFS) Central Bank Nigeria (CBN) websites. paper applies both linear ARDL non-linear (NARDL) models. These methods are employed evaluate volatility.Result re...