Development of synthesis protocols for realizing nanomaterials over a range of sizes, shapes and chemical compositions is an important aspect of nanotechnology. A number of recipes have been developed for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles in polar (for example, water) and non-polar organic solvents, each method accompanied by characteristic advantages and disadvantages. Specific applications...

There have been many influences and drivers for the development of technologies that allow functional components to be constructed at smaller and smaller scale. The semiconductor revolution in the second half of the 20 century was driven by cost, speed, novel function, and power consumption. Semiconductor science and its child, large-scale integration of electronic circuitry, have been responsi...

In this paper the interaction of attosecond laser pulses with matter is investigated. The scattering and potential motion of heat carriers as well as the external force are considered. Depending on the ratio of the scatterings and potential motion the heat transport is described by the thermal forced Klein-Gordon or thermal modified telegraph equation. For thermal Heisenberg type relation V τ ∼...