Self-assembled monolayers SAMs having alkyl chains with typically 18 CH2 units and with different functional end groups methyl, thiol, thiophene, phenoxy, and biphenyl have been attached to hydroxylated 100 silicon surfaces. Their layer structure has been studied using grazing incidence x-ray reflectometry. An excellent data analysis is possible on the basis of a two layer model. One layer with...

Emergence of multidrug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) threatens humanity. This problem was complicated by the crisis in development of new anti-tuberculosis antibiotics. Induced reversion of drug resistance seems promising to overcome the problem. Successful clinical trial of a new anti-tuberculosis nanomolecular complex FS-1 has demonstrated prospectively of this appr...

This paper introduces the theory and practice of formal verification of self-assembling systems. We interpret a well-studied abstraction of nanomolecular self assembly, the Abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM), into Computation Tree Logic (CTL), a temporal logic often used in model checking. We then consider the class of “rectilinear” tile assembly systems. This class includes most aTAM systems ...

abstract one of the major factors on the amount of water resources is river flow which is so dependent to the hydrologic and meteorologic phenomena. simulation and forecasting of river flow makes the decision maker capable to effectively manage the water resources projects. so, simulation and forecasting models such as artificial neural networks (anns) are commonly used for simulation and predi...

this paper presents theoretical and numerical state-of-the-art information in the field of hygro-thermo-mechanical deformation simulation in structural concrete. the aspects discussed include coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical performance of porous materials including concrete, multi-scale simulation of concrete properties especially the volumetric and structural deformation performance, and the m...

conclusions using the simulation as a decision making tool helps us to decide how we can reduce outpatient's waiting time. comparison of outputs of this scenario and the based- case scenario in simulation model shows that combining physician's work time changing with patient's admission time changing (scenario 9) would reduce patient waiting time about 73.09%. due to dynamic and complex nature ...

The biological abilities of interleukin?6 (IL?6) have been under investigation for nearly 40 years. IL?6 works through an interaction with the complex peptide receptor (IL?6R). is built four ??chain nanostructures, while two different chains, IL?6R? (gp80) and gp130/IL6? (gp130), are included in IL?6R. three?dimensional shapes six chains composing IL?6/IL?6R basis nanomolecular roles signalling...

railway service terminals are the places of a railway network usually equipped with costly technology based on highly complicated technological procedures demanding a high degree of coordination and control skills. design of these systems and the organization of their operation should facilitate reaching to the required capacity together with high quality of service processes as well as minimal...