Cell polarization enables restriction of signalling into microdomains. Polarization of lymphocytes following formation of a mature immunological synapse (IS) is essential for calcium-dependent T-cell activation. Here, we analyse calcium microdomains at the IS with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. We find that the subplasmalemmal calcium signal following IS formation is suffici...

PURPOSE Since 1980s, human enterovirus-71 virus (HEV-71) is one of the common infectious disease in Asian Pacific region since late 1970s without effective commercial antiviral or protective vaccine is unavailable yet. The work examines the role of vaccine adjuvant particle size and the route of administration on postvaccination antibody response towards HEV-71 vaccine adsorbed to calcium phosp...

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides derived from the natural processing of chromogranin A (CgA) are co-secreted with catecholamines upon stimulation of chromaffin cells. Since PMNs play a central role in innate immunity, we examine responses by PMNs following stimulation by two antimicrobial CgA-derived peptides. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS PMNs were treated with different concentrations of ...

In this research, the influence of adding micro- and nano- sized calcium carbonate powders to nylon-66 was investigated. Mechanical properties of micro and nano- composites, including tensile strength, elongation, and Young’s modulus, before and after ageing, were determined and analyzed. For this purpose, micro- and nano-sized CaCO3 particles were used as fillers to prepare micro-composites (c...

Signals recorded at the cell membrane are meaningful indicators of the physiological vs. pathological state of a cell and will become useful diagnostic elements in nanomedicine. In this project we present a coherent strategy for the design and fabrication of a bio-nano-sensor that monitors changes in intracellular cell calcium concentration and allows an easy read out by converting the calcium ...

This paper reports a high-yield process to fabricate biomimetic hydroxyapatite nano-particles or nano-plates. Hydroxyapatite is obtained by simultaneous dripping of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and ammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 solutions into a reaction vessel. Reactions were carried out under various pH and temperature conditions. The morphology and phase composition of the precipitates w...

Objective: The level of dental and oral hygiene on elementary school age children is very low, so it can be increasing the incidence of dental and oral diseases which caused by various microorganisms. Mouthwash can keeping dental and oral hygiene, but many commercial mouthwash is still used alcohol as their ingredients, which can be giving side effects, therefore, we still need...

Objective: The level of dental and oral hygiene on elementary school age children is very low, so it can be increasing the incidence of dental and oral diseases which caused by various microorganisms. Mouthwash can keeping dental and oral hygiene, but many commercial mouthwash is still used alcohol as their ingredients, which can be giving side effects, therefore, we still need...

the aim of the present study was to prepare nano-sized calcium fluoride (caf2). calcium fluoride nanoparticles were synthesized by cacl2.6h2o and ammonium fluoride. nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method. the synthesized nanocrystals were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), scanning electron microscopy (sem). the crystalli...