In the present study, the authors investigate how some visual factors related to early stages of visual-object naming modulate naming performance in dyslexia. The performance of dyslexic children was compared with 2 control groups-normal readers matched for age and normal readers matched for reading level-while performing a discrete naming task in which color and dimensionality of the visually ...

Lesion overlap difference maps have been used in studies designed to test anatomical hypotheses regarding brain systems critical for various cognitive and behavioral tasks, including naming and recognition of concrete entities [Damasio, H., Tranel, D., Grabowski, T., Adolphs, R., Damasio, A., 2004. Neural systems behind word and concept retrieval. Cognition 92, 179-229]. To date, the interpreta...

Recent evidence suggests that the primary source of dysfunction in dyslexia is the cerebellum. To examine the cerebellar deficit hypothesis of dyslexia, 20 children with dyslexia and 20 children without dyslexia were assessed using neuropsychological testing and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Results demonstrated that the volumes of both hemispheres and the vermis were not statistical...

We report a single case study of a brain-damaged patient, ER, who showed a remarkably consistent category-specific deficit for living things. His impairment was observed across tasks (naming, definition, matching, drawing from memory, questionnaires), input modalities (visual, verbal, nonverbal auditory), and output modalities (verbal vs. pointing or visual matching responses) as well as for di...

For assessing simultaneous visual processing in dyslexic and normal readers a multi-element processing task was used which required the report of a single digit of briefly presented multi-digit arrays. Dyslexic readers exhibited higher recognition thresholds on 4- and 6-digit, but not on 2-digit arrays. Individual recognition thresholds on the multi-digit arrays were associated with number of e...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impairments in semantic memory have been demonstrated to be a critical factor in early AD. The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a straightforward method of examining semantic or visuo-perceptual processing and therefore represents a potential diagnostic tool. The objective of this study was t...

A meta-analysis of 153 studies with 15,990 participants was conducted to compare the magnitude of deficits upon tests of phonemic and semantic fluency for patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) relative to healthy controls. As has been found for patients with focal temporal cortical lesions (but not for patients with focal frontal cortical lesions), DAT patients were significantly...

A model-based treatment focused on improving grapheme to phoneme conversion as well as phoneme to grapheme conversion was implemented to train oral reading skills in two patients with severe oral reading and naming deficits. Initial assessment based on current cognitive neuropsychological models of naming indicated a deficit in the phonological output lexicon and in grapheme to phoneme conversi...

Naming is a pervasive deficit in primary progressive aphasia. However, the source of such deficits across PPA variants is little understood. In this study, individuals with agrammatic (PPA-G) and logopenic (PPA-L) PPA, along with age-matched controls, performed a pictureword interference task to test for online phonological processing deficits during naming. All groups exhibited phonological fa...