Introduction: Response to morphine and role of Nitric Oxide (NO) on expression of morphine response has been studied in vertebrates. But, little evidence is provided in the matter in earlier invertebrates. This investigation for the first time evaluated the effect of NO on expression of morphine potency in Paramecium caudatum. Methods: Animal after isolation from natural media and specific i...

In this study, to reveal the antioxidant potential of goat milk cells, activities glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and levels reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), total (tGSH),malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C (Vit C) protein (TP) in cells were determined correlations between these parameters evaluated. Milk samples collected from 19 ...

IL-1 (interleukin-1) acts as a key mediator of the degeneration of articular cartilage in RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and OA (osteoarthritis),where chondrocyte death is observed. It is still controversial, however, whether IL-1 induces chondrocyte death. In the present study, the viability of mouse chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells was reduced by the treatment with IL-1beta for 48 h or longer. IL-1bet...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmitter found in the enteric nervous system that plays a role in a variety of enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease. Alteration of nitrergic neurons has been reported to be dependent on the manner by which inflammation is caused. However, this observed alteration has not been reported with acetic acid-induced colitis....

Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE-null mice by impairing the balance between angiotensin II (AII) and NO. Our previous data suggested a role for PPAR α in the deleterious effect of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We tested the hypothesis that ApoE-null mice lacking PPAR α (DKO mice) would be resistant to the proatherogenic effect of N...