Sudden exposure of dissociated hippocampal neurons to strongly hypo- or hyperosmotic solutions suppresses voltage gated Na+, K+ and Ca2+ currents. We investigated whether ligand gated ion currents were similarly shut down by exposure to anisosmotic solutions. The effect of hypo-osmotic, NaCl deficient (mannitol-substituted), or hyper-osmotic test solutions delivered from a flow pipette was test...

Porogen leaching is a widely used and simple technique for the creation of porous scaffolds in tissue engineering. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the most commonly used porogen, but the current grinding and sieving methods generate salt particles with huge size variations and cannot generate porogens in the submicron size range. We have developed a facile method based on the principles of crystalliz...

The performance of a nanofiltration membrane for the removal of the nickel ion was studied as a function of the nickel concentration, solution pH, and the background ionic strength of the solution. Nanofiltration is investigated as a means to determine to what extent the nickel ions could be removed from acid mine drainage; thus the effect of solution chemistry on nanofiltration performance is ...

Evidence shows that cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. Several stimuli may cause CH-like manifestations and promote volume or pressure overload. Exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy is an expected adaptation to regular exercise training. Salt intake has been shown to be the most important determinant of blood pressure in different populations. The purpos...

The objective of this study was to develop a new protocol that could be used for large-scale separation of phosvitin from egg yolk using ethanol and salts. Yolk granules, which contain phosvitin, were precipitated after diluting egg yolk with 9 volumes of distilled water. The pH of the yolk solution was adjusted to pH 4.0 to 8.0 using 6 N HCl or NaOH, and then yolk granules containing phosvitin...

Birdsey, T. J., R. D. H. Boyd, C. P. Sibley, and S. L. Greenwood. Effect of hyposmotic challenge on microvillous membrane potential in isolated human placental villi. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R1479–R1488, 1999.—This study examined the effect of hyposmotic solutions on the syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membrane potential (Em) in mature intermediate villi...

This study examined the effect of hyposmotic solutions on the syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membrane potential ( E m) in mature intermediate villi isolated from term human placentas. When villi were exposed to a control solution (280 mosmol/kgH2O; 116 mM NaCl) and then to either a 138-hyposmotic (138 mosmol/kgH2O; 37 mM NaCl) or 170-hyposmotic (170 mosmol/kgH2O; 55 mM NaCl) solution, there w...

The functionality of caseins in food systems depends on their solubility. The solubilities of whole casein, cr,l-casein, /3-casein, and dephosphorylated whole casein were measured as the pH was adjusted from 7 to 2 with HCl. When NaCl was added before pH adjustment, solubilities of whole casein at pH 2.5 decreased by 25, 40, 85, and 98% at NaCl concentrations of .01, .05, .1 and .2 M, respectiv...