The Na+ content of poliovirus-infected HeLa S3 cells increased during the late phase of virus replication, after virus inhibition of host cell protein synthesis and in coincidence with late viral functions. Guanidine hydrochloride blocked the rise in Na+ content, whereas the antiguanidine agent choline fully reversed the guanidine block. Expression of one or more late viral functions was essent...

OBJECTIVE Bread is the largest contributor of Na to the American diet and excess Na consumption contributes to premature death and disability. We sought to determine the Na level at which consumers could detect a difference between reduced-Na bread and bread with typical Na content, and to determine if consumer sensory acceptability and purchase intent differed between reduced-Na bread and brea...

abstract for evaluating nacl salinity effect on some physiological and qualitative attributes of five winter canola cultivars, an experiment was conducted in a rcd base factorial in three replicates in greenhouse of east azarbaijan agricultural research center in 2008. five salinity levels as 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm nacl treated as first factor on five rape seed (fornax, licord, elite, slm04...

A high-Na diet may lead to the development of hypertension in both humans and rats; however, the causes of Na intake in amounts greater than physiologically needed as well as the mechanisms whereby high-Na food elevates blood pressure are not clear. Therefore, we decided to test the hypothesis that a high-Na diet introduced after suckling affects Na intake, food preference, resting blood pressu...

The successful migration of euryhaline teleost fish from freshwater to seawater requires the upregulation of gill Na+-K+-ATPase, an ion transport enzyme located in the basolateral membrane (BLM) of gill chloride cells. Following 39 days of seawater exposure, Arctic char had similar plasma sodium and chloride levels as individuals maintained in freshwater, indicating they had successfully acclim...

Introduction Cellular water content, which accounts for 70% of the cellular mass, is the main determinant of cell volume. In animal cells, which are devoid of rigid walls, it is generally accepted that the water content is dictated by the amount of osmotically active cellular particles. Inorganic ions constitute a major fraction of the cellular osmolytes. It is therefore not surprising that cha...

In Ca-deficient smooth muscle of guinea-pig taenia coli, repeated application of high-K solution (45.4 mM) containing Ca induced contractions of similar shape and magnitude. In muscle treated by a Ca- and Mg-deficient solution, however, addition of Ca and K either did not induce contraction or induced only a delayed contraction. Ouabain (1 X 10(-3) M) also inhibited Ca- and K-induced contractio...

The Na,K-ATPase is essential for the contractile function of skeletal muscle, which expresses the α1 and α2 subunit isoforms of Na,K-ATPase. The α2 isozyme is predominant in adult skeletal muscles and makes a greater contribution in working compared with noncontracting muscles. Hindlimb suspension (HS) is a widely used model of muscle disuse that leads to progressive atrophy of postural skeleta...

Fatty acids are an important ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation and transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes. To examine whether reduced plasma free fatty acid (FFA) availability affects the mRNA content of proteins involved in fuel metabolism in vivo, the skeletal muscle mRNA content of various transcription factors, transcriptional coactivators and ge...

Fifteen Iranian wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared for salt (NaCl & Na2SO4 in 1:1 ratio) tolerance using three treatments: 1.26 (control), 6.8 and 13.8 dSm in a green house. During vegetable growth, shoot Na, K, K: Na ratio and agronomic traits such as 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, number of tillers, number of fertile tillers, spike length, salinity suscept...