Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating and an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by immune-mediated myelin and axonal damage, and chronic axonal loss attributable to the absence of myelin sheaths. T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, CD8+, NKT, CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells) and B cells are involved in this disorder, thus new MS therapies seek damage prev...

The central nervous system of individuals with multiple sclerosis contains lesions specifically characterized by breakdown of myelin sheaths associated with a general failure of repair of demyelinating damage. The cause of myelin breakdown is unknown. Although immune mechanisms have been implicated in this breakdown, no convincing demonstrations of specific immune reaction against myelin have y...

BACKGROUND Impaired remyelination of demyelinated axons is a major cause of neurological disability. In inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), although remyelination does happen, it is often incomplete, resulting in poor clinical recovery. Poly-IC a known TLR3 agonist and IL-33, a cytokine which is induced by poly-IC are known to influence recovery and promote r...

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They differentiate from proliferative OL precursor cells that migrate from the embryonic neuroepithelium throughout the developing CNS before associating with axons and elaborating myelin. Recent research into the regulation of OL differentiation has uncovered a two-stage mechanism of transcriptional contro...

Injuries to axons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS) of mammals result in axonal degeneration distal to the site of the lesion (Wallerian degeneration) and removal of their surrounding myelin sheaths . In the PNS, myelin is rapidly degraded over a few days or weeks, and the axons regenerate but in the CNS the myelin may persist for months (1, 2), and the axons do n...

Histological studies were performed on Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) passively transferred by myelin basic protein (MBP)-sensitized syngeneic spleen cells in order to determine the relationship between demyelination and neurological signs. Neither inflammation nor demyelination was present on the day prior to the onset of neurological signs but both were present ...

Myelin regeneration is a major therapeutic goal in demyelinating diseases, and the failure to remyelinate rapidly has profound consequences for the health of axons and for brain function. However, there is no efficient treatment for stimulating myelin repair, and current therapies are limited to anti-inflammatory agents. Males are less likely to develop multiple sclerosis than females, but ofte...

This study aims to observe the process of myelin loss and repair following the injection of the gliotoxic agent ethidium bromide (EB) in the sciatic nerve of rats previously induced to diabetes mellitus by streptozotocin. Injection of EB was also done in non-diabetic rats. The animals were euthanatized from 3 to 31 days after intraneural injection and nerve sections were collected for ultrastru...