Conventionally adrenergic-anticholinergic combination eye drops (e.g., phenylephrine-tropicamide) are used for pre-operative pupillary dilatation in cataract surgery. This achieves synergy dilatation, but anticholinergic-induced cycloplegia makes already tense lens-capsule of intumescent more taut, and completion capsulorrhexis becomes difficult, often resulting Argentanian flag sign, periphera...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of sub-Tenon's lidocaine injections (ST) on akinesia and mydriasis to those of systemic atracurium (AT) and retrobulbar lidocaine injections in dogs. ANIMAL STUDIED Ten healthy beagle dogs without apparent ocular disease. PROCEDURES Three treatments were performed on 10 beagle dogs with a minimum 7-day washout period: intravenous injection of AT (0.2 mg/kg, A...

AIM To compare the mydriatic efficacy of an ophthalmic insert (Mydriasert, MY) versus phenylephrine and tropicamide (PT) eye drops. METHODS Two controlled, prospective, randomized, single-blind studies were performed. In the first study, a total of 80 eyes from 40 outpatient-clinic patients were analyzed. PT drops were applied to the right eye, and a MY device was inserted in the left eye for...

Evidence suggests that in some species (cats, rabbits, and possibly humans) alpha-adrenoceptors in the iris dilator muscle are "atypical" in that they cannot be readily classified by conventional criteria. This study was undertaken in an attempt to characterize the alpha-adrenoceptor subtype(s) mediating sympathetically elicited mydriasis in rats. Frequency-response pupillary dilator curves wer...

AIMS To determine which screening and monitoring tests for diabetic retinopathy are most effective and under what circumstances. METHODS A systematic review of the English language literature, published from 1983 to April 1999. RESULTS Available studies are generally limited in their ability to answer the important questions on the effectiveness of tests for early detection of diabetic reti...

In addition to its centrally mediated hypotensive action, clonidine causes a decrease in intraocular pressure associated with a long-lasting mydriasis. The present study was conducted to determine to what extent this drug-induced pupillary dilation is of central or peripheral origin. Pupil size was observed in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Clonidine (1 to 100 mug per kilogram, intraveno...