Cancer cells are produced by the accumulation of genetic alterations in somatic cells. Those genetic alterations are produced by xenobiotics, which enter the human body from the environment, and by autobiotics, which are produced in the human body. Food contains many different types of xenobiotic mutagens/carcinogens and tumor promoters. Food can influence the formation of autobiotic mutagens/c...

Because of potential significance of fecal mutagens and secondary bile acids in the pathogenesis of colonic cancer and of inverse association between dietary fiber and colonic cancer risk, the effect of dietary wheat and rye fiber on fecal mutagenic activity and bile acid levels was studied in 15 healthy men and women who were consuming high fat/moderately low fiber diets and excreting high lev...

N-Acyloxy-N-alkoxyamides are direct-acting mutagens in S. typhimurium TA100 with a linear dependence upon log P that maximises at log P0 = 6.4. Eight N-acyloxy-N-alkoxyamides (2-9) bearing a naphthalene group on any of the three side-chains and with log P0 < 6.4 have been demonstrated to be significantly and uniformly more mutagenic towards S. typhimurium TA100 than 50 mutagens without naphthal...

The edible part of fresh Chinese radish was chopped into small pieces, lyophilized, and then extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The solvent in each fraction was removed by evaporation under reduced pressure at 50-55 degrees C, and the residue was dissolved in dimethylsufoxide just before being tested for antimutagenicity as well as mutagenicity using the Salmonella/ma...

Cooking meats produces a family of heterocylic aromatic amines that are carcinogens in rodents and genotoxic in many short-term assays. Concern that these compounds may be human carcinogens has prompted us to develop immunochemical methods for quantifying these compounds in the human diet and for identifying the parent compounds and metabolites in urine and feces. Previously reported monoclonal...

A survey of the presence of mutagenic activity in drinking water of 18 cities in the Netherlands revealed that in drinking water of 13 cities mutagenic activity could be demonstrated. The activity was detected in the Ames test after concentrating the organic mutagens with a XAD-4/8 procedure. Dose-related responses were observed with concentrates corresponding to 0.5 to 3.0 liters of drinking w...

A total of 34 third chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster that render homozygous larvae hypersensitive to killing by chemical mutagens have been isolated. Genetic analyses have placed responsible mutations in more than eleven complementation groups. Mutants in three complementation groups are strongly sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate, those in one are sensitive to nitrogen mustard, and mut...