Genital outflow tract obstruction is a rare cause of primary amenorrhea. A transverse vaginal septum is a defect of vertical fusion between the para-mesonephric ducts and uro-genital sinus. If the septum is complete, the menstrual flow will be obstructed causing primary amenorrhea. The septum is basically a membrane of fibrous connective tissue with both vascular and muscular components formed ...

Background & Aims: It is believed that uterine septum, because of its effect on infertility and recurrent abortion is very important and pregnancy outcome is obviously improved by hysteroscopic metroplasty (HM). In this study, the probable relationship of uterine septum dimensions (length and width) with infertility and recurrent abortion has been investigated. Methods: This clinical trial was ...

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of sinus venosus defects remains a matter of debate. It is crucial to provide solid anatomical criteria, by identifying the very nature of the atrial septum relative to sinus venosus defects, to diagnose and differentiate them from other interatrial communications. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to reestablish the anatomical criteria for the diagnosis of sinus veno...

BACKGROUND There are two main surgical approaches, simple ulnar nerve decompression at the elbow, and anterior transposition of the nerve in treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. Both techniques were reported in literature in details with similar reported success rates. Here, we present a modified simple decompression surgical technique in treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. METHODS Fifty e...

Abstract Case Presentation 48-years-old woman was diagnosed with severe pulmonary hypertension at transthoracic echocardiography during cardiological evaluation for bariatric surgery. PAPs estimated 110 mmHg, mild-moderate tricuspidal insufficiency no dilatation of right chambers and LVEF preserved (65%). The patient had history heart murmur since childhood now presented type 2 diabetes mellitu...

Combined two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography has a high sensitivity and specificity for detection of isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defects. However, muscular or multiple ventricular septal defects may be difficult to diagnose with noninvasive methods, particularly in older children, necessitating angiography for accurate diagnosis. Detection of single and multiple ventricu...

FOLLOWING Brock's' recognition that hypertrophied muscle in the left ventricular outflow tract could obstruct left ventricular outflow, much interest has centered on the nature of this hypertrophy. Initial reports suggested that concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle was the underlying cause of the obstruction of the outflow tract. -3 Following Teare's4 description of asymmetrical hypertr...

An axillary arch is considered to be an variant muscle or tendinous slip that arises form the lower border of latissimus dorsi to join the tendon of pectoralis major, coracobrachalis, or fascia over the biceps. It is present in about 7% of the cases and may be multiple [1]. An axillary arch is thought to be a vestige of panniculus carnosus muscle [2]. Thoracoepicondylaris is a very rare muscula...

Sturgeon is one of the most important species of the Caspian Sea aquatics. Unfortunately, this species faces the threat of extinction today. This makes specific studies on any type of sturgeons more important than before. Studies like histological studies, radiology, and sonography, all require a complete understanding of the anatomy of this fish. Since pilot studies showed some misconceptions ...