Electron-multiplying charge-coupled devices are efficient imaging for low-surface-brightness ultraviolet astronomy from space. The large amplification allows photon counting (PC), the detection of events versus nonevents. This paper provides statistics observation process, photon-counting and compression. expression signal-to-noise PC is written in terms polygamma function. optimal exposure tim...

Pressure intensifiers have their utilization in hydraulic circuits, when there is a need for pressure multiplication some period of time. Using provides energy savings, cost reductions or smaller dimensioning. This article about intensifier based on rotary flow dividers. Its functioning evaluated by its pressure-multiplying efficiency. efficiency always calculated from values gained measurement...

This paper describes a pipeline analog-to-digital converter is implemented for high speed camera. In the pipeline ADC design, prime factor is designing operational amplifier with high gain so ADC have been high speed. The other advantage of pipeline is simple on concept, easy to implement in layout and have flexibility to increase speed. We made design and simulation using Mentor Graphics Softw...