The accuracy of a medical diagnostic tool depends on its specificity, the probability that it classifies a normal person as normal, and its sensitivity, the probability that it classifies a diseased person as diseased. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of such a tool is its sensitivity plotted against (1 specificity) as the threshold defining “normal” versus “diseased” ranges ov...

We propose a Markov process theory-based adaptive sequential testing procedure for multiple comparisons. The procedure can be used for confirmative trials involving multi-comparisons, including dose selection or population enrichment. Dose or subpopulation selection and sample size modification can be made at any interim analysis. Type I error control is exact.

Abstract Current study assessed the impact of Lantana camara invasion on native plant diversity in Pothohar region Pakistan. The approach used for was random samplings and comparisons indices [number species (S), abundance (N), richness (R), evenness (J?), Shannon index (H?) Simpson dominance (?)] with two categorical factors i.e., invaded non-invaded (control). Control plots harboured by an av...