A variety of ’best practice’ guides to multiple choice question writing exist in the literature, each commonly containing a set of specific recommendations. One such recommendation entails the use of ’none of the above’ (NOTA), with some authors discouraging and others advocating its use on multiple choice tests. Empirical research on the use of NOTA has produced mixed results regarding its eff...

Multiple-choice tests have proved to be an efficient tool for measuring students’ achievement and are used on a daily basis both for assessment and diagnostics worldwide. Statistics suggest that the Question Mark Computing Ltd.’s testing software Perception alone has had more than 3 000 000 users so far, of which at least 95% have taken multiple-choice question tests.1 E-learning has created an...

nonlinear knapsack problems (nkp) are the alternative formulation for the multiple-choice knapsack problems. a powerful approach for solving nkp is dynamic programming which may obtain the global op-timal solution even in the case of discrete solution space for these problems. despite the power of this solu-tion approach, it computationally performs very slowly when the solution space of the pr...

background: evaluation of multiple-choice questions is a strategic activity and the most effective tool in educational system and improvement. in this study, the quality of some indexes of multiple-choice exams in babol para medical faculty was investigated on the basis of structure and knowledge level distribution in the first semesters of 2007 and 2012. methods: the milman checklist was used ...

Visual question answering (VQA) is of significant interest due to its potential to be a strong test of image understanding systems and to probe the connection between language and vision. Despite much recent progress, general VQA is far from a solved problem. In this paper, we focus on the VQA multiple-choice task, and provide some good practices for designing an effective VQA model that can ca...