The oral route of drug administration is generally preferred because of its versatility, safety and relative patient comfort. Liposomes have received much attention for their usefulness in reducing toxicity and improving therapeutic effectiveness. Although liposomes are a most promising, broadly applicable, and highly researched novel delivery system, they suffer from serious stability problems...

A novel method to prepare cyclosporin A encapsulated liposomes was introduced using supercritical fluid of carbon dioxide (SCF-CO(2)) as an antisolvent. To investigate the strength of the newly developed SCF-CO(2) method compared with the modified conventional Bangham method, particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of both liposomal formulations were characterized and comp...

Liposomes constitute one of the most popular nanocarriers for the delivery of cancer therapeutics. However, since their potency is limited by incomplete drug release and inherent instability in the presence of serum components, their poor delivery occurs in certain circumstances. In this study, we address these shortcomings and demonstrate an alternative liposomal formulation, termed crosslinke...

We compared the abilities of free and liposome-incorporated Salmonella minnesota wild-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipid A to activate peritoneal macrophages and induce lethal toxicity in mice. Incorporation of lipid A into multilamellar vesicles resulted in a 100-fold-decreased potency to prime macrophages for phorbol myristate acetate-triggered release of H2O2. In addition, liposome inco...

Thermodynamic features related to preparation and use of self-assemblies formed between multilamellar and unilamellar zwitterionic liposomes and polynucleotides with various conformation and sizes are presented. The divalent metal cation induced adsorption, aggregation and adhesion between single- and double-stranded polyribonucleotides and phosphatidylcholine vesicles was followed by different...

The kinetics of activation of tumoricidal functions in mouse macrophages incubated with macrophage-activating factors (MAF) released by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes (free MAF) and MAF encapsulated with liposomes (liposome-MAF) have been compared. Development of tumoricidal activity requires incubation of macrophages with free or liposome-encapsulated MAF for a minimum of 4 hr. Macrophages inc...

The kinetics of activation of tumoricidal functions in mouse macrophages incubated with macrophage-activating factors (MAP) released by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes (free MAP) and MAP encapsulated within liposomes (liposome-MAF) have been compared. Development of tumoricidal activity requires incubation of macrophages with free or liposome-encapsulated MAP for a minimum of 4 hr. Macrophages i...

Human interferon-alpha was associated in different ways with positively (stearylamine) and negatively (phosphatidylserine) charged phosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles, depending on the presence or absence of a cholesterol component. Inclusion of cholesterol resulted in interferon that was significantly (P = 0.0001) more deeply internalized within the liposomes, such that detergent disrup...

Previously human blood monocytes were shown to become tumoricidal when treated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide, muramyl dipeptide analogue, or liposomes containing muramyl dipeptide analogue. In this study the ability of human blood monocytes activated to the antitumor state by these macrophage activators to produce interleukin 1 (IL-1) was examined. Blood monocytes separated by centrifugal el...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major pathogens in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and their biofilms have been associated with poorer postsurgical outcomes. This study investigated the distribution and anti-biofilm effect of cationic (+) and anionic (-) phospholipid liposomes with different sizes (unilamellar and multilamellar vesicle, ULV and MLV respectively) on ...