This session will focus on the fate and ecotoxicological effects of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance (AR) development and transfer in the environment and implications for human health. Specifically, we use the term antibiotic to include pharmaceutical agents with antibacterial properties. The scope of the session also extends to other chemical agents that can co-select for antibiotic resistan...

In studying the interplay between mutation frequencies and antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli natural isolates, we observed that modest modifications of mutation frequency may significantly influence the evolution of antibiotic resistance. The strains having intermediate mutation frequencies have significantly more antibiotic resistances than strains having low and high mutation frequ...

background: one of the fundamental issues of infectious disease treatment is drug resistance. the aim of the present study was to investigate the first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance rates and determine the risk factors related to multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis.methods: from march 2011 to september 2012, mycobacterial strains were collected from one hundred fifteen diagn...

Antibiotic use in animal farming is one of the main drivers of antibiotic resistance both in animals and in humans. In this paper we propose that one feasible and fair way to address this problem is to tax animal products obtained with the use of antibiotics. We argue that such tax is supported both by (a) deontological arguments, which are based on the duty individuals have to compensate socie...

The impact of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the multidrug resistance and pharmacokinetics of clinically important drugs has been widely recognized. Here, we review in silico approaches and computational models for identifying substrates or inhibitors of P-gp. The advances in the datasets for model building and available computational models are summarized and the advantages and drawbacks of these mo...

We report the draft genome sequence of a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-positive Escherichia coli isolate obtained from a surgical patient. The assembled data indicate the presence of 3 multidrug resistance plasmids, 1 of which shares 100% identity with an NDM-1 plasmid isolated previously from a nearby hospital, suggesting possible local transmission.

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