BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) have shown a reduced frequency of enhancement with the contrast agent gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA), in comparison with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and it has been suggested that there may be a less important role for inflammation in its pathogenesis. However, the earliest clinica...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) assessed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS) has a high pathological specificity for axonal density. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) measured by using optical coherence tomography is increasingly used as a surrogate marker of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aim was to investigate the relation betwee...

The timed performances of the 10-m timed walk (TMTW) and the nine-hole peg test (NHPT) of 881 consecutive patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergoing a rehabilitation stay, were expressed as a logarithmic function of time in two subscores to form a composite score called the Short and Graphic Ability Score (SaGAS). The subscores (sS) were constructed in such a way that any interval of 0.5 ...

An Adaptive Augmenting Control (AAC) algorithm for the Space Launch System (SLS) has been developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) as part of the launch vehicle’s baseline flight control system. A prototype version of the SLS flight control software was hosted on a piloted aircraft at the Armstrong Flight Research Center to demonstrate the adaptive controller on a full-scale realist...

When performing tasks, humans are thought to adopt task sets that configure moment-to-moment data processing. Recently developed mixed blocked/event-related designs allow task set-related signals to be extracted in fMRI experiments, including activity related to cues that signal the beginning of a task block, "set-maintenance" activity sustained for the duration of a task block, and event-relat...

One of the recently suggested solutions for enhancing fuel economy and lifetime in a cell (FC) hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is use multi-stack (MS) structure FC system. However, to fully realize potential this structure, design an appropriate energy management strategy (EMS) necessary. This paper aims compare operating cost, including hydrogen consumption degradation FC, between single-stack (...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease with both clinical and pathological heterogeneity. The complexity of the MS population has offered challenges to the measurement of MS disease progression in therapeutic trials. The current standard clinical outcome measures are relapse rate, Expanded Disability Severity Scale (EDSS), and the MS Functional Composite...

In nature, animal grouping such as flocking and schooling has advantages to form a larger effective search pattern and can find a location much faster. Grouping requires each member in a group to form up and move in a given geometrical pattern. This paper presents a behavior-based approach to team formation in multiple robot applications based on local sensor-based information. A novel fuzzy co...

Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) frequently experience limitations of ambulation in the course of their disease. Not surprisingly, in recent surveys PwMS considered lower extremity function as one of the most important bodily functions, and ranked mobility limitations as the most important factor affecting their quality of life. The impact of MS on ambulation is reflected in the fact that...

Andrew S. Rivkin (JHU/APL), Julie C. Castillo-Rogez (JPL), Neyda M. Abreu (Penn State Dubois), Erik Asphaug (University of California, Santa Cruz), Andrew F. Cheng (JHU/APL), Beth E. Clark (Ithaca College), Barbara A. Cohen (NASA MSFC), Pamela G. Conrad (JPL), Paul Hayne (UCLA), Ellen S. Howell (Arecibo Observatory), Torrence V. Johnson (JPL), Georgiana Kramer (Bear Fight Center), Jian-Yang Li ...