PREMISE OF THE STUDY Population genetic analyses provide information on the population context in which evolutionary processes operate and are important for understanding the evolution of geographically variable traits. Earlier studies showed that cone structure of lodgepole pine in the Rocky Mountains diverged among populations because of geographic variation in coevolutionary interactions inv...

Protected areas (PAs) on tropical mountains undergo greater forest destruction in their lower altitudes. We compared the extent of forested, nonforested, and fragmented areas between lowland (o 1000 m asl) and montane zones of the Blue Mountains inside the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park established in Jamaica in 1993. We found that in 2008, inside the montane zone, only 4 percent of...

INTRODUCTION Recent volcanic activity of Io generally does not produce conical mountains. Instead, their lava run out in thin, long flows. Volcanic centers are typically large, deep calderas cut into the interpatera plains. Bright lava flows on Io can mostly be associated with sulfur lavas, with no visible escarpments that would indicate higher viscosity material. From temperature measurements ...

Mountains receive a greater proportion of precipitation than other environments, and thus make a disproportionate contribution to the world's water supply. The Luquillo Mountains receive the highest rainfall on the island of Puerto Rico and serve as a critical source of water to surrounding communities. The area's role as a long-term research site has generated numerous hydrological, ecological...

Sky islands provide ideal opportunities for understanding how climatic changes associated with Pleistocene glacial cycles influenced species distributions, genetic diversification, and demography. The salamander Plethodon ouachitae is largely restricted to high-elevation, mesic forest on six major mountains in the Ouachita Mountains. Because these mountains are separated by more xeric, low-elev...

Citation: Rontu L, Wastl C and Niemelä S (2016) Influence of the Details of Topography on Weather Forecast – Evaluation of HARMONIE Experiments in the Sochi Olympics Domain over the Caucasian Mountains. Front. Earth Sci. 4:13. doi: 10.3389/feart.2016.00013 Influence of the Details of Topography on Weather Forecast – Evaluation of HARMONIE Experiments in the Sochi Olympics Domain over the Caucas...

It has been known for over a century that the Uinta Mountains contained numerous alpine glaciers during parts of the Quaternary Period, yet until recently, the glacial record on the south side of the range had received little scientifi c attention. Results of recent 1:24,000-scale fi eld mapping of surfi cial deposits in the southern Uinta Mountains indicate that glaciers in the southwestern an...

Meta-ultramafi c rocks occur as small (2 to 100 m long), podiform bodies in all three major Precambrian rock suites of the Tobacco Root Mountains of southwest Montana. Most samples consist of a randomly oriented, coarse-grained assemblage of orthopyroxene, olivine, and magnesiohornblende ± spinel, partially replaced by a fi ne-grained assemblage that may include anthophyllite, talc, cummingtoni...

The structural and subsidence history of the Neogene Transylvanian basin is reviewed in order to analyse its relation to the tectonic and erosional history of the surrounding Carpathian mountains that has been defined by apatite fission track data from previous studies. The main processes studied are redistribution of mass by erosion, and tectonic loading. A mass balance is calculated between m...