In this perspective article, we propose a cognitive architecture model of human action that stresses the importance of cognitive representations stored in long-term memory as reference structures underlying and guiding voluntary motor performance. We introduce an experimental approach to ascertain cognitive representation structures and provide evidence from a variety of different studies, rang...

The impact of music and its psychological and physiological changes during exercise is issue that has always been focused on sport science experts. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of musical exercise on aerobic capacity and quality of life in elderly men. This study was conducted on 45 elderly men. The participants were randomly allocated into three groups: aerobic musical exer...

During the past several years, prognostic instruments have been developed for patients with heart failure (HF), predicting a number of clinical outcomes, including mortality and rehospitalization.1–3 Few similar instruments for shortterm prognosis have appeared designed specifically for use in the elderly with HF. Pilotto et al4 have addressed this gap by creating a prognostic instrument that p...

Aging in men is accompanied by a progressive, but individually variable decline of serum testosterone production, more than 20% of healthy men over 60 yr of age presenting with serum levels below the range for young men. Albeit the clinical picture of aging in men is reminiscent of that of hypogonadism in young men and decreased testosterone production appears to play a role in part of these cl...

During the past several years, prognostic instruments have been developed for patients with heart failure (HF), predicting a number of clinical outcomes, including mortality and rehospitalization.1–3 Few similar instruments for shortterm prognosis have appeared designed specifically for use in the elderly with HF. Pilotto et al4 have addressed this gap by creating a prognostic instrument that p...

During the past several years, prognostic instruments have been developed for patients with heart failure (HF), predicting a number of clinical outcomes, including mortality and rehospitalization.1–3 Few similar instruments for shortterm prognosis have appeared designed specifically for use in the elderly with HF. Pilotto et al4 have addressed this gap by creating a prognostic instrument that p...

Normal aging is accompanied by decline in selective cognitive and motor functions. A concurrent decline in regional white matter integrity, detectable with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), potentially contributes to waning function. DTI analysis of white matter loci indicates an anterior-to-posterior gradient distribution of declining fractional anisotropy (FA) and increasing diffusivity with ag...