Recent studies of the demand for sports clearly indicate that stars play an important role in promoting fan interest. However, on theoretical grounds it is controversial if a star’s talent superiority and/or a star’s popularity drive match attendance and hence increase gate revenues. Using longitudinal match attendance data of all clubs in the first German soccer league in a 9-year period, the ...

Bearing the versatility of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, here density functional theory (DFT) calculations unravel the capacity of coordination of a deprotonated NHC ligand (pNHC) to generate a doubly C2,N3-bridged dinuclear complex. Here, in particular the discussion is based on the combination of the deprotonated 1-arylimidazol (aryl = mesityl (Mes)) with [M(cod)(μ-Cl)] (M = Ir, Rh) g...

New sterically encumbered N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts were synthesized and used to polymerize rac-lactide to give highly isotactic polylactide or meso-lactide to give heterotactic polylactide.

Axially chiral mono(NHC)-Pd(II) and mono(NHC)-Au(I) complexes with one side shaped 1,1'-biphenyl backbone have been prepared from chiral 6,6'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2,2'-diamine. The complexes were characterized by X-ray crystal structure diffraction. The Pd(II) complex showed good catalytic activities in the Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck-Mizoroki coupling reactions, and the (S)-Au(I) complexes also showe...

Two decarboxylative methods providing access to N-alkylated α-trihalomethylated heterocyclic amines have been developed. A batch protocol in which methyl trifluoroacetate acts both as a methylating reagent and subsequently as a nucleophilic trifluoromethyl anion precursor upon its addition to (iso)quinoline derivatives. Next, a telescoped continuous flow process, forming the corresponding α-tri...

Many production activities require cooperation between agents in an organization, and incentive alignment may take advantage of complementarities in such activities. This paper investigates such a possibility by examining two education policies that were implemented in New York City: a grade retention policy that incentivizes students and an accountability scheme that incentivizes schools. I em...