Acute and chronic Plasmodium falciparum infections alter the immune competence of the host possibly through changes in dendritic cell (DC) functionality. DCs are the most potent activators of T cells, and migration is integral to their function. Mature DCs express lymphoid chemokine receptors (CCRs), expression of which enables them to migrate to the lymph nodes, where they encounter naïve T ce...

Conserved structural motifs on pathogens trigger pattern recognition receptors present on APCs such as dendritic cells (DCs). An important class of such receptors is the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLR signaling triggers a cascade of events in DCs that includes modified chemokine and cytokine production, altered chemokine receptor expression, and changes in signaling through G protein-coupled r...

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by an insufficient immune response, possibly owing to impaired function of antigen-presenting cells such as myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). Therapeutic vaccination with in vitro generated DCs may enhance the immune response. Subsets of DCs can originate from monocytes, but the presence of HCV in monocytes that develop into DCs...

Langerhans cells (LCs) are dendritic cells (DCs) that are present in the epidermis, bronchi, and mucosae. Although LCs originate in bone marrow, little is known about their lineage of origin. In this study, we demonstrate that in vitro LCs may originate from monocytes. Adult peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes differentiate into LCs (CD1a+, E-cadherin+, cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen+, Bi...

Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a unique innate T cell subset that is necessary for rapid recruitment of activated CD4+ T cells to the lungs after pulmonary F. tularensis LVS infection. Here, we investigated the mechanisms behind this effect. We provide evidence to show that MAIT cells promote early differentiation of CCR2-dependent monocytes into monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) in...

Human T lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Both CD4+ T-cells and dendritic cells (DCs) infected with HTLV-1 are found in peripheral blood from HTLV-1 carriers. We previously demonstrated that monocyte-derived IL-4 DCs are more susceptible to HTLV-1 infection...

objective(s) recent studies on human indicate that the introduction of therapeutic use of tolerogenic dendritic cell (dc) for chronic inflammatory conditions is imminent. for the purpose of defining cgrp potency in tolerogenic dc production, we investigated the phenotype and il-'2 production of dcs generated from the monocytes of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients in the presence of the ca...

Dendritic cells (DCs) respond to changes in their lipid environment by altering gene expression and immunophenotype. Some of these alterations are mediated via the nuclear receptor superfamily. However, little is known about the contribution of liver X receptor (LXR) to DC biology. In this study, we present a systematic analysis of LXR, activated by synthetic ligands or naturally occurring oxys...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that are specialized for Ag processing and presentation. These cells are believed to derive from both myeloid- and lymphoid-committed precursors. Normal human PBMC-derived, human CD14+ cell (monocyte)-derived, and mouse hematopoietic progenitor-derived DCs were shown to express the hematopoietic cell-restricted, ets family transcript...

As professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) capable of eliciting primary immune responses among naïve T cells, dendritic (DCs) offer an attractive target for intervention. While some strategies vaccination have sought to deliver antigens direct DCs in vivo, others pulsed DCs with antigens ex vivo prior administration. Indeed, numerous clinical studies cancer...