The knowledge of the simultaneous nodal pressure values in a water distribution network (WDN) can favor its correct management, with advantages for both utilities and end users, guarantee higher sustainability use resource. However, monitoring all nodes is not feasible, so it be useful to develop methods that allow us estimate whole field based on data from limited number nodes. For this purpos...

Rapidly growing populations and migration to urban areas in developing countries has resulted in a vital need for the establishment of centralized water systems to disseminate potable water to residents. Protected source water and modern, well-maintained drinking water treatment plants can provide water adequate for human consumption. However, ageing, stressed or poorly maintained distribution ...

background: one of the key issues in determining the quality of water in rivers is to create a water quality control network with a suitable performance. the measured qualitative variables at stations should be representative of all the changes in water quality in water systems. since the increase in water quality monitoring stations increases annual monitoring costs, recognition of the station...

Water quality degradation in river systems has caused great concerns all over the world. Identifying the spatial distribution and sources of water pollutants is the very first step for efficient water quality management. A set of water samples collected bimonthly at 12 monitoring sites in 2009 and 2010 were analyzed to determine the spatial distribution of critical parameters and to apportion t...

The distribution of water vapor with altitude has long remained a missing piece the observational dataset on Mars. In this work, we present first multi‐annual survey profile covering range from 0 to 100 km based SPICAM/Mars Express occultation measurements. During aphelion season, remains confined below 40‐60 for all Martian years observed. highest where can be spotted is between 70 and 90 duri...