This study introduces a reversible optical fulladder. Also optical NOT and NOR gates are implemented through Electro-Absorption-Modulator / Photo Detector (EAM/PD) pairs, were utilized for fulfilling reversible R gate. Then, reversible fulladder was designed based on the proposed reversible optical R gate. The operation of the suggested fulladder was simulated using Optispice and it was fou...

where S (f) and W(f) are the Fourier transforms of the [lo] R.

Gel filtration of the 40,000 rpm supernatant fraction of a homogenate of rat cerebral cortex on a Sepharose 6B column yielded two fractions: fraction II with the "Ca(2+) plus Mg(2+)-dependent" phosphodiesterase activity and fraction III containing its modulator. The activity of fraction II was stimulated by micromolar concentrations of Ca(2+) and the modulator when present together; the modulat...

This paper presents the design of a low power second-order continuous-time sigma-delta modulator for low power applications. The loop filter of this modulator has been implemented based on the nonlinear transconductance-capacitor (Gm-C) by employing current-mode technique. The nonlinear transconductance uses floating gate MOS (FG-MOS) transistors that operate in weak inversion region. The propo...

A fully integrated GMSK modulator in DRRS band is presented. All components of the transmitter except the power amplifier, including the loop filter and the oscillator are on-chip. Transistor and system level simulations demonstrate that the modulator meets the performance requirements of the DRRS standard. The circuit power consumption of the modulator at 1.4GHz is 37mW with a single 3V power ...

This work develops an adaptive sigma–delta modulator that is based on adapting the quantizer step-size using estimates of the quantizer input rather than the modulator input. The adaptive modulator with a first-order noise shaping filter is shown to be bounded-input bounded-output stable. Moreover, an analytical expression for the signal-to-noise ratio is derived, and it is shown to be independ...

A novel structure of a resonator type guided-wave electrooptic intensity modulator is introduced that uses a higher-order harmonic resonant electrode of coupled microstrip lines combined with polarizationreversed structure. The light modulation cancellation caused by the light transit-time effect in the resonant electrode, which is longer than the wavelength of the standing wave, is compensated...