The interface between skin and electrodes plays a major role in the accuracy efficiency of biopotential measurements. For reliable biosignal recording, stable low-impedance contact is required target tissue. Conventional wet (Ag/AgCl) are composed metal with skin-adhesive hydrogel. However, for long-term measurement, direct pre-gel electrode causes discomfort irritation, especially infants peop...

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is presented as a suitable method to determine the surface hydrophobicity of colloidal drug carriers. The experimental design is described in great detail Results obtained with surface-modified polystyrene particles as model carriers and parenteral fat emulsions are discussed as examples. HIC was able to distinguish between particles chemically modif...

A new and general approach is proposed to analyze the dynamics of a colloidal particle interacting with a nearby wall. This analysis can be used to determine the acting forces even when the system is non-stationary. As an illustration, we use total internal reflection microscopy to investigate the forces acting on a polystyrene sulfate latex particle as it is receding from a charged glass surface.