Harmony search algorithm is a meta-heuristic optimization method imitating the music improvisation process, where musicians improvise their instruments’ pitches searching for a perfect state of harmony. First, an improved harmony search algorithm is presented using the concept of swarm intelligence. Next, it is employed for training feedforward neural networks for three benchmark classification...

The Harmony Search is a relatively new meta-heuristic algorithm for continuous optimization, in which its concept imitates the process of music improvisation. This paper proposes an improved harmony search algorithm called Harmony Search with Adaptive Pitch Adjustment (HSAPA). The adaptive pitch adjustment scheme during a search period is inspired from the velocity clamping in particle swarm op...