Supplying chain cooperation has already become an important strategy that enterprises use to tackle market competition; however, the supply chain crisis caused by supply chain risk makes the supply chain operation of enterprises very fragile. This paper applies Portfolio Theory to explain the suppliers’ combination plays an important role in dispersing the supplying chain risk and controlling i...

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In the context of the historical development of portfolio theory the authors describe a stochastic asset/liability modelling exercise for a closed pension fund portfolio, illustrating the reduction in variance of estimated future surplus which can be achieved by investment in index-linked securities. Equity investment would increase the expected level of surplus, but the outcome would be more u...

Healthcare organizations continue to make large investments in health information technology to improve quality of care and lower costs. Therefore, there is an evergrowing need to have an ever-clearer understanding of how IT investments impact these organizations. In this paper, we present an extensive review of literature on the impact of health information technology on quality. We identify a...

along with the beginning of novel and short story writing in persian and urdu languages various literary movements like realism, social realism and surrealism overshadowed the contemporary literature of iran and pakistan. modern prose of persian and urdu consists of great assets from novels and short stories, and their considerable background . during various periods of the growth and prosperit...

Modern portfolio theory(MPT) addresses the problem of determining the optimum allocation of investment resources among a set of candidate assets. In the original mean-variance approach of Markowitz, volatility is taken as a proxy for risk, conflating uncertainty with risk. There have been many subsequent attempts to alleviate that weakness which, typically, combine utility and risk. We present ...