Motor vehicles are major sources of primary organic aerosol (POA), which is a mixture of a large number of organic compounds that have not been comprehensively characterized. In this work, we apply a recently developed gas chromatography mass spectrometry approach utilizing "soft" vacuum ultraviolet photoionization to achieve unprecedented chemical characterization of motor vehicle POA emission...

Introduction Gasoline is a complex solution of different hydrocarbons. Naturally occurring petroleum contains aromatic hydrocarbons, a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons that includes benzene, toluene, ethylenzene, and xylene (collectively known as BTEX). Since the EPA banned lead additions to gas in 1973, aromatic hydrocarbons were added to increase the octane concentration, thereby maximizing ...

Tetramethyl lead (TML) has recently been adopted as an antiknock substance in gasoline. In some industries, tetramethyl lead has been substituted for tetraethyl lead (TEL) mixture or "ethylfluid". This recent development is the result of technical research which has shown that there is a more uniform octane distribution in all light and heavy fractions of gasoline in the combustion cylinders wi...

Exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, alternatively powered by gasoline or by liquefied petroleum gas, were analysed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The engine operated a lift truck for the handling of warehouse goods. A combined condensation-filtration apparatus was constructed for sampling of the exhausts. The basic steps of the analytical procedure are summarized here. Sev...

Research has focused on the development of a new set of mathematical algorithms, encoded in C(++), when combined with a thermal desorption sample introduction system provides quantitative analysis of a wide mixture of organic compounds in under 10 min by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The overall goal is to condense the time of analysis, including both the times required for sample prepa...

The influences of gasoline on the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from gasoline engine are investigated. These fuels included C92-Leadfree Gasoline (C92-LFG), C95-Leadfree Gasoline (C95-LFG), C98-Leadfree Gasoline (C98-LFG), these are Reforming Gasoline, T92-Leadfree Gasoline (T92-LFG), T95-Leadfree Gasoline (T95-LFG), T98-Leadfree Gasoline (T98-LFG), these are total-PAHs co...

BACKGROUND Gasoline station workers are exposed to volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX). OBJECTIVE To determine the level of exposure to BTEX compounds among gasoline station workers and measure the roadside concentrations of these compounds in the inner and outer areas of Bangkok, Thailand. METHODS 49 workers at 6 gasoline stations in the inne...

The toxicity of chemicals in mixtures such as gasoline may differ greatly from that observed when the chemicals are tested as pure compounds. For example, metabolic activation is the critical first step in the development of toxicity after exposure to benzene. Gasoline components inhibit benzene metabolism and thus reduce benzene's toxicity. The extent to which inhibition occurs depends on the ...

The invention of the spark-ignited internal combustion engine provided a market for a petroleum middle distillate, gasoline, about 100 years ago. The internal combustion engine and gasoline have co-evolved until motor vehicles now annually consume about 110 billion gallons of gasoline in the United States. Continuing air pollution problems and resulting regulatory pressures are driving the need...

Abstract The implementation of alternative fuels, such as biodiesel, in engines has been shown to be a feasible strategy control greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. blending biodiesel with diesel can reduce emissions carbon monoxide (CO) and dioxide soot formation. Nonetheless, combustion comes low thermal efficiency, elevated nitrogen oxides (NOx) deposition issues. Recently, the addition gasoline...