PURPOSE To evaluate the mutual inter-relationship of mitotic indices, argyrophilic nuclear organizer regions (AgNOR) count, Ki-67 and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (bcl-2) in papillary urothelial bladder cancer (pUBC), and their correlation with grade and stage. To establish the cut-off values of these markers to detect high grade and muscle invasive bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-fo...

BACKGROUND Ki67 index, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and mast cells (MCs) are associated with malignancies in animal and human neoplasms including colorectal carcinomas (CRC). This has not been assessed in canine CRC. Given similar genetic abnormalities between human and canine CRC, we assessed Ki-67 and mitotic indices, TAMs and MC count (MCC) in canine CRC (n = 17). TAMs and MCC were co...

In this study, antiproliferative effects of the selective estrogen receptor modulator Tamoxifen and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (Femara) were evaluated and compared using the FM3A cell line, originating from a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma and positive in terms of estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Cell kinetic parameters including labelling index, mitotic index and labelling index were ass...

Food preservatives are unswervingly being used for prolonging the shelf life of food, often to increase aroma, taste and quality by food packaging industry. These pivotal in protecting from degradation deterioration micro-organisms. Two most commonly preservatives, viz. sodium nitrite (NaNO2) Monosodium glutamate (MSG) have been evaluated using root tips Allium cepa. Cytological studies plants ...

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don is a plant which produces anticancer and anti-mitotic indole alkaloids. Colchicine is an anti-mitotic drug. Anti-mitotic effects of Vinca herbacea Waldst. & Kit. indole alkaloids is unknown. The study were evaluated the antimitotic effect of alkaloids of V. herbacea, Catharanthus roseus andcolchicineon mitosis and microtubule arrangement of human blood cells. In t...

background: cyclophosphamide (cyp) is used to treat a wide range of human tumors. however, the mutagenic effect of cyp is still the primary limitation for wider applications to treat a variety of human malignancies. it has been reported that cyp entrapped in liposomes reduces non-specific toxicity and enhances anticancer effects in animal systems. methods: in the present experiment, mice were i...

Among organophosphorus pesticides, malathion is considered a relatively safe compound. Malathion, however, functions by inhibiting cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes of the nervous system in both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. The inactivation of ChE by malathion is therefore a useful indicator of exposure. Because of the increased application of these pesticides, their entry into various env...

Arsenic trioxide, an acute promyelocytic leukemia chemotherapeutic, may be an efficacious treatment for other cancers. Understanding the mechanism as well as genetic and molecular characteristics associated with sensitivity to arsenite-induced cell death is key to providing effective chemotherapeutic usage of arsenite. Arsenite sensitivity correlates with deficient p53 pathways in multiple cell...

Entosis is a form of epithelial cell cannibalism that is prevalent in human cancer, typically triggered by loss of matrix adhesion. Here, we report an alternative mechanism for entosis in human epithelial cells, driven by mitosis. Mitotic entosis is regulated by Cdc42, which controls mitotic morphology. Cdc42 depletion enhances mitotic deadhesion and rounding, and these biophysical changes, whi...