OBJECTIVE In many jurisdictions, psychiatric problems are intended for commutation. Therefore, a forensic psychiatrist has an important role in detection of malingering. While several studies evaluate diagnostic tests, it is less known what symptoms are more likely to be imitated by malingerers. METHOD In a prospective study 45 malingerers, who were diagnosed according to interviews by two fo...

Abstract With a linear public goods game played in six different variants, this article studies two channels that might moderate social dilemmas and increase cooperation without using pecuniary incentives: moral framing shaming. We find is increased when noncontributing to good framed as morally debatable socially harmful tax avoidance, while the mere description of context has no effect. Howev...

according to islamic fiqh, suicide is a misdemeanor and a heavy crime that is interpreted as fighting with god, so that duress and coercion cannot be stated as an excuse. according to islamic fiqh human is considered as slave of exalted god, no one has this right to annihilate this valuable divine deposit. suicide is a capital crime and causes the man to be eternally imprisoned in the hell. sui...

Probation is the most commonly imposed correctional sanction, often accompanied by supplementary costs, and can be operated state or private companies. Private probation a unique sanction used in lower courts, for misdemeanor offenses, managed third-party actors. We focus on documenting process costs of probation, including rituals compliance proportionality punishment. use data from interviews...

Since Henry Bergh organized the first American Society for the Prevention of Cruel­ ty to Animals in 1866, there have been na­ tionwide efforts to curb cruelty to ani­ mals. [ll The "Humane Society" and the "Band of Mercy" have joined this crusade, along with numerous other groups aimed toward sane specific act of cruelty. [2] Groups which indirectly advocate kindne~s to animal life are the Veg...

Between 2015 and 2018, New York City adopted “neighborhood policing,” an expansive policy to encourage interactions between police officers community members. Among other changes, the initiative established hundreds of new “neighborhood-coordination” gave “steady-sector” time away from 911 response dedicate resident interactions. This study evaluates initiative’s effects on crime, complaints mi...

It is no longer a question today that in many cases employees find themselves situation where either they or their environment believe have committed misdemeanor sin at work. The perception of can depend on number factors, such as the particular organizational culture, management, employee preferences, degree trust organization, and so on. There are we judge same differently, making severity ex...