Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent endogenous mediator of bowel inflammation. It activates neutrophils that are needed to initiate the inflammatory response. Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), a critical C-X-C chemokine secreted by macrophages and epithelial cells, is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils. Whereas MIP-2 has been previously shown to mediate the injury in var...

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) have recently been identified as potent inhibitors of hemopoietic stem cell proliferation. From previous studies, these molecules appear to have similar functions in the control of stem cell proliferation. This study was designed to investigate the relationship, if any, between these two neg...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), one of the CXC chemokines, is involved in the recruitment of neutrophils in several tissue injuries. In this study, we investigated the role of MIP-2 in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury in mice. METHODS Liver injury was induced by intravenous injection of Con A (15 mg/kg) and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MIP-2 lev...

BACKGROUND Model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) reduces image noise and improves image quality (IQ) but its influence on post-processing tools including maximal intensity projection (MIP) and minimal intensity projection (mIP) remains unknown. PURPOSE To evaluate the influence on IQ of MBIR on native, mIP, MIP axial and coronal reformats of reduced dose computed tomography (RD-CT) ches...

BACKGROUND Pregnant women and infants are particularly vulnerable to malaria. National malaria in pregnancy (MIP) programs in Malawi, Senegal, and Zambia were reviewed to identify promising strategies that have helped these countries achieve relatively high coverage of MIP interventions as well as ongoing challenges that have inhibited further progress. METHODS We used a systematic case study...

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP) is a recently cloned cytokine that causes neutrophilic infiltration and induces an inflammatory response. We studied the effect of MIP-1 alpha on histamine secretion from basophils and mast cells. Leukocytes from allergic and normal subjects were studied. MIP-1 alpha caused dose-dependent release of histamine from basophils of 14 of 20 allergic donors at ...

Astrocytes are specialized cells of the CNS that are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. In acute and relapsing-remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the neutrophil chemoattractant CXC chemokines macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and KC are associated with reactive astrocytes in the parenchyma. In vitro treatment o...

In both industry and the research literature, mixed integer programming (MIP) is often the default approach for solving scheduling problems. In this paper we present and evaluate four MIP formulations for the classical job shop scheduling problem (JSP). While MIP formulations for the JSP have existed since the 1960s, it appears that comprehensive computational studies have not been performed si...

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP) is a recently cloned cytokine that causes neutrophilic infiltration and induces an inflammatory response. We studied the effect of MIP-lo~ on histamine secretion from basophils and mast cells. Leukocytes from allergic and normal subjects were studied. MIP-loe caused dose-dependent release of histamine from basophils of 14 of 20 allergic donors at concentr...