AIM The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the tooth color alterations associated with two commonly used endodontic irrigants, the chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) up to 15 days post-treatment. Additionally, the possible influence of endodontic access preparation on tooth color was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty intact human anterior teet...

Anatomical variations must be considered in clinical and radiographical evaluations during endodontic treatment. Access cavity modifications may be required for stress free entry to complex anatomy. Higher magnification and illumination can be useful for access cavity preparation and to recognize and locate additional canals. This article describes the diagnosis and clinical management of two c...

From the currently available choices, esthetic restorative materials for posterior teeth are limited to composite and ceramic restoration. Ceramic inlays/onlays are reliable solutions for both of these treatments. For successful treatment planning, usable ceramic and adhesive systems should be chosen by the dentist. Since the Federal Drug Administration approval of the erbium: Yttrium-aluminum-...

Early erbium and CO2 lasers failed to gain wide acceptance in the dental community because their optical drilling speeds were slower in comparison to the mechanical bur. This has changed in the past few years; much faster ablation speeds are now possible and dental lasers with variable square pulse technology even exceed the drilling speeds of conventional burs. In this paper we report on a cli...

The aim of this study was to determine the level of agreement regarding assessments of competence among dental students, their student peers, and their clinical skills tutors in a preclinical skills program. In 2012-13 at the University of Edinburgh, second-year dental students learned to perform the following seven cavity preparations/restorations on primary and permanent Frasaco teeth: single...

the most difficult clinical considertions in orthograde root canal treatment are generally related to the anatomy of the teeth. three-canalled maxillary and mandibular premolars (mini-molars) have been reported in several studies. the purpose of this paper was to review various aspects of three-canalled premolars including incidence, clinical and radiographic diagnosis, racial predisposition, a...

Acoustic rhinometry is a new method of evaluating the geometrical distributions of the cross-section and volume of the nasal cavity. Its characteristics are that of a nontraumatic procedure requiring minimal time for measurements. Eight males (27-39 years old) without nasal lesions were investigated with acoustic rhinometry before and after unilateral administrations of decongestants. Conventio...

Background: The access cavity is a critical stage in root canal therapy and it may influence the subsequent steps of treatment. new minimally invasive endodontic preparation concept aims to preserve sound tooth structure by conserving as much intact dentine possible including pulp chamber's roof, keep teeth from fracturing during after While there great interest such opening designs numerous pu...

we define minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {mcn}(g)$, commonality minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {cmcn}(g)$ and vertex minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {m_{v}cn}(g)$, characterizations are given for graph $g$ for which the newly defined graphs are connected. further serval new results are developed relating to these graphs.