This series of articles discusses oscillator phase noise reduction techniques and gives specific resonant circuit solutions using lumped and distributed parameters for both frequency stabilization and phase noise reduction. These topics are covered in Part 1. Phase noise improvement can also be achieved by appropriate low-frequency loading and feedback circuitry optimization. The feedback syste...

Oscillator is the most essential part in the communication, navigation and measurement systems. We propose a spin torque nano oscillator (STNO) which offers the possibility of using the transfer of spin angular momentum via spin polarized current to generate microwave signal. Using this STNO, our simulation result demonstrates that the current dependence of the oscillation frequency changes can...

The standard quantum limit constrains the precision of an oscillator position measurement. It arises from a balance between the imprecision and the quantum backaction of the measurement. However, a measurement of only a single quadrature of the oscillator can evade the backaction and be made with arbitrary precision. Here we demonstrate quantum backaction evading measurements of a collective qu...

By coupling a macroscopic mechanical oscillator to two microwave cavities, we simultaneously prepare and monitor a nonclassical steady state of mechanical motion. In each cavity, correlated radiation pressure forces induced by two coherent drives engineer the coupling between the quadratures of light and motion. We, first, demonstrate the ability to perform a continuous quantum nondemolition me...

We experimentally demonstrate a series of fractional synchronization regimes (Devil's staircase) in a spin-torque nano-oscillator driven by a microwave field. These regimes are characterized by rational relations between the driving frequency and the frequency of the oscillation. An analysis based on the phase model of auto-oscillator indicates that fractional synchronization becomes possible w...

This paper presents a systematic approach to designing negative-resistance and Colpitts oscillators using p-HEMT transistor. Various models such as, common source and common gate configuration in negative-resistance oscillators, common source series feedback in Colpitts oscillator is selected to analyze the output power and stability presented by the p-HEMT transistor. These oscillators are des...

This paper presents a microwave reflectometer using self-mixing oscillator antennas. A unique characteristic of the proposed reflectometer is its simple structure without a circulator and a directional coupler. Each self-mixing oscillator antenna utilizes a Gunn diode as an active device and a rectangular waveguide as a resonator and a radiator. The determination of dielectric properties of mat...

The Microwave Limb Sounder on the Aura satellite has a radiometer at 2.5 THz to perform global mapping of OH in the atmosphere. The OH radiometer utilizes two Schottky-diode mixers pumped by an optically pumped THz gas laser local oscillator. The laser was first turned on in space on July 22, 2004, and has performed without issue for more than 30 months. The specifications, design, and modeling...

A differential-voltage-controlled LC oscillator employs a gm-tuned technique instead of a varactor is presented, verified, and measured. The design was demonstrated in a standard 0.18m CMOS process. The oscillator can operate at the range of 4.73–5.05 GHz under a 1.8-V supply voltage. The measured phase noise is 100.76 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz frequency offset and 121.53 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz frequency offs...