In early mitosis, microtubules can be generated at kinetochores as well as at spindle poles. However, the role and regulation of kinetochore-derived microtubules have been unclear. In general, metaphase spindle microtubules are oriented such that their plus ends bind to kinetochores. However, we now have evidence that, during early mitosis in budding yeast, microtubules are generated at kinetoc...

Microtubules are highly dynamic structures assembled from tubulin proteins. They play critical roles in cell division, transport and mobility. To study the assembly/disassembly of microtubules living cells, we selected BtubA/B as our model protein. two tubulin-like proteins bacterial genus Prosthecobacter, which show high sequence identity to mammalian alpha/beta tubulins but do not strongly in...

Here we investigated whether the sensitivity of microtubules to severing by katanin is regulated by acetylation of the microtubules. During interphase, fibroblasts display long microtubules with discrete regions rich in acetylated tubulin. Overexpression of katanin for short periods of time produced breaks preferentially in these regions. In fibroblasts with experimentally enhanced or diminishe...

Micromanipulation of living grasshopper spermatocytes in anaphase has been combined with electron microscopy to reveal otherwise obscure features of spindle organization. A chromosome is pushed laterally outside the spindle and stretched, and the cell is fixed with a novel, agar-treated glutaraldehyde solution. Two- and three-dimensional reconstructions from serial sections of seven cells show ...

Abstract Super-resolution optical imaging is crucial to the study of cellular processes. Current super-resolution fluorescence microscopy restricted by need special fluorophores or sophisticated systems, long acquisition and computational times. In this work, we present a deep-learning-based technique confocal microscopy. We devise two-channel attention network (TCAN), which takes advantage bot...

Neuronal migration and axon growth guidance require precise control of microtubule dynamics microtubule-based cargo transport. TUBB3 encodes the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotype III, TUBB3, a component neuronal microtubules expressed throughout life central peripheral neurons. Human pathogenic missense variants result in altered function cause errors either cranial and, to lesser extent, axo...

Microtubules originate at the centrosome of the neuron and are then released for transport down the axon, in which they can move both anterogradely and retrogradely during axonal growth. It has been hypothesized that these movements occur by force generation against the actin cytoskeleton. To test this, we analyzed the movement, distribution, and orientation of microtubules in neurons pharmacol...

Background: Tau protein is believed to be stationary while bound to microtubules. Results: Tau molecules can diffuse along microtubules over distances up to several micrometers. Conclusion: Tau diffusion on microtubules is a novel mechanism for tau dispersion in cells. Significance: Modulation of tau binding and diffusion on microtubules by local modifications of microtubules can provide a tool...