Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid in human nutrition. In the present study, production of arachidonic acid by Mortierella alpina CBS 754.68 was evaluated in submerged fermentation. The fermentation variables were selected in accordance with the PlackettBurman (PB) design and further optimized via response surface methodology (RSM). Five significant variables, namely glucose, yeast ext...

Two mathematical models were developed for studying the effect of main fermentation temperature (TMF), immobilized cell mass (MIC) and original wort extract (OE) on beer fermentation with alginate-chitosan microcapsules with a liquid core. During the experiments, the investigated parameters were varied in order to find the optimal conditions for beer fermentation with immobilized cells. The bas...

Different organic and aqueous extracts of leaves of Cassia occidentalis L (Caesalpiniaceae) were screened for their antimicrobial activity against seven human pathogenic bacterial and two fungal strains by disk diffusion assay. The pattern of inhibition varied with the solvent used for extraction and the microorganism tested. Among these extracts, methanol and aqueous extracts showed significan...

Fuzhuan brick tea, a kind of dark tea consumed mainly in the border regions of Southwestern and Northwestern China since the 1860s, is produced from the leaves of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis by microbial fermentation. From this special fermented tea, a new norisoprenoid, 3R,9R-oxido-5-megastigmene, was isolated, together with α-linolenic acid, strictin, isovitexin, astragalin, (+)-catechin,...

Interest in the development of bioprocesses for the production or extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources has increased in recent years due to the potential applications of these compounds in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. In this context, solid-state fermentation (SSF) has received great attention because this bioprocess has potential to successfully convert inex...

The global demand for ethanol as an alternative fuel continues to rise. Advancement in all aspects of ethanol production is deemed beneficial to the ethanol industry. Traditional fermentation requires 50-70 hours to produce the maximum ethanol concentration of 7-8% (v/v). Here we demonstrate an electrostatic fermentation method that is capable of accelerating the fermentation of glucose using g...

The potential of microalgae for steroid transformation has been studied less than other microorganisms. They have been applied for the years in the treatment of environmental pollutions and preparation of nutrients. At the first time, Abul-Hajj and Qian indicated the conversion of androstendione (AD) to testosterone with eleven different strains of microalgae. Previtera’s group showed the trans...

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock for added value compound production in biotechnological processes such as solid-state fermentation (SSF). Although these solid materials can be directly used substrates fermentations state, pretreatment often required, especially if the microorganism selected unable to produce lignocellulosic enzymes. In present work, several strategies were appl...

Oil palm is currently the world’s leading vegetable oil crop, with Indonesia and Malaysia as two largest producers exporters of in world. In order to meet demand for oil, mills generate huge quantities by-products causing an alarming concern on environmental impact. Hence, effort transform “waste gold” very crucial. This review focused extraction methods holocellulose lignin, well processing pr...

In the September 1, 1994, Federal Register (59 FR 45526), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed at 40 CFR Part 700 under section 5(h)(4) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), Tier I and Tier II exemptions. These exemptions, which would be found at § 725.400, are exemptions from EPA review and expedited EPA review, respectively, for certain microorganisms under certain use con...