Clostridium perfringens strains NCTC 8238, NCTC 8798, NCTC 8679, 8-6, FD-1, and PS52 formed high levels of heat-resistant spores in a defined medium (D) with various sugars as energy sources. Strain PS49 formed high levels of heat-resistant spores when grown with dextrin and methylxanthines. The experiments showed the possibility of carrying out experiments on the sporulation of certain C. perf...

PURPOSE To assess the capacity of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine and paraxanthine) to inhibit uric acid crystallization, and to evaluate their potential application in the treatment of uric acid nephrolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ability of methylxathines to inhibit uric acid nucleation was assayed turbidimetrically. Crystal morphology and its modification due to...

Cocoa and chocolate, prepared from cocoa beans that originate from the fruits of the cocoa tree Theobroma cacao, have a long-standing reputation as healthy food, including mood-enhancing effects. In spite of many clinical trials with chocolate, cocoa, or its constituents, the mechanisms of action on mood and cognition remain unclear. More in particular, it is still controversial which constitue...

We have recently presented a hypothesis of the mechanism by which the mutation rate of Escherichia coli is increased in the presence of methylxanthines (1). It was suggested that methylxanthines partially inhibit the synthesis of some nucleic acid intermediates, thus causing an increased probability for the utilization of a substitute compound in the synthesis of the specific polynucleotide tha...

Previous studies (1, 2) have shown that after the ingestion of caffeine or theophylline by man there was an increased urinary excretion of material which gave a blue color with the alkaline arsenophosphotungstate reagents used in the determination of uric acid. Myers and Wardell (3) and Buchanan, Christman, and Block (1) presented evidence that this extra color was caused by methyluric acids ra...

Although the diuretic and natriuretic effects of the methylxanthines caffeine and theophylline are well established, the mechanisms responsible for these effects are unclear and may be related to inhibition of phosphodiesterases and/or antagonism of adenosine receptors. With regard to the latter, pharmacological blockade of A1 receptors can induce diuresis and natriuresis by inhibition of proxi...

Ruby chocolate was introduced in 2017 as the fourth type of chocolate, addition to white, milk and dark chocolate. However, until now not much is reported about its phytochemical composition. Therefore, we analyzed ruby by UPLC-HRMS, together with three other types Feature-based molecular networking carried out aid identification, while a set 51 reference compounds were simultaneously for targe...