Human biomonitoring has evolved beyond margins to ascertain exposure-response relationship in environmental associated human diseases. As occupational ailments continue to dominate global concerns, biomonitoring strategies have evolved better in terms of evaluating health risks associated with systemic uptake from chronic (long-term) environment exposures. Even though contributions of acute tox...

Since the 1985 release of methyl isocyanate in Bhopal, India, which killed thousands, the chemical industry has begun to use process hazard analysis techniques more widely to protect the public from catastrophic chemical releases. These techniques can provide a systematic method for evaluating a system design to ensure that it operates as intended, help identify process areas that may result in...

OBJECTIVE Isocyanates (di- and poly-), important chemicals used worldwide to produce polyurethane products, are a leading cause of occupational asthma. Respiratory exposures have been reduced through improved hygiene controls and the use of less-volatile isocyanates. Yet isocyanate asthma continues to occur, not uncommonly in settings with minimal inhalation exposure but opportunity for skin ex...

Dear Editor: Impact assessments of disasters caused by natural hazards usually measure mortality for only a few weeks following an event, and studies that count death totals for one year or more are rare. 1–3 Limited surveillance periods are problematic and may result in an underestimation of mortality since the delayed, indirect deaths are not included. 4 A lack of resources may explain the li...

Hydantoins and their derivatives constitute a group of pharmaceutical compounds with anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic properties, and are also used against diabetes. N-3 and C-5 substituted imidazolidines are examples of such products. As such, we have developed a synthesis of 2,4-dione and 2-thioxo-4-one imidazolidinic derivatives by reaction of amino acids with C-phenylglycine, phenyl isocya...

In the title compound, C(22)H(17)N(3)O(5), synthesized via the aza-Wittig reaction of ethyl 3-(phenyl-imino-methyl-ene-amino)-benzofuran-2-carboxyl-ate, benzene isocyanate and diethyl 2-amino-succinate, the imidazo[1,2-a]benzo[4,5]furo[2,3-d]pyrim-idine ring system is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation for all 16 non-H atoms = 0.020 Å). The phenyl ring is twisted with respect to this ring sys...