A study of the mesencephalon in the chicken has shown many interesting resemblances between the avian and the reptilian and the mammalian nuclear pattern in this region. The following account attempts to stress those likenesses by an application of mammalian terminology to certain nuclear groups in the avian midbrain. The pertinent literature will be considered in connection with the descriptio...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease is an autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder presenting with subacute encephalopathy that can cause death if left untreated. The purpose of this study is to assess the neuroimaging and clinical features of the disease before and after treatment with biotin. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, labor...

The isthmus is the organizing center for the tectum and cerebellum. Fgf8 and Wnt1 are secreted molecules expressed around the isthmus. The function of Fgf8 has been well analyzed, and now accepted as the most important organizing signal. Involvement of Wnt1 in the isthmic organizing activity was suggested by analysis of Wnt1 knockout mice. But its role in isthmic organizing activity is still ob...

327 In the reported clinical trials of human fetal ventral mesencephalic transplants to the brain of Parkinson patients the tissue was transplanted either as small solid pieces or as cell suspensions. In all cases the tissues were implanted immediately after explantation. Delayed surgery and the in vitro maintenance of the tissue prior to trans-plantation would present several advantages. For e...