PURPOSE Although astigmatism is prevalent during early infancy, the influence of astigmatism on early refractive development is unclear. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of astigmatism on emmetropization in monkeys. METHODS Infant rhesus monkeys (n = 39) were exposed to optically simulated astigmatism in one or both eyes from approximately 1 to 4 months of age. With-the-rule...

Among all modalities of alternative medicine, acupuncture is one of the most widely recognized and evidence-based. According to the central concept in Traditional Chinese Medicine, healthy functioning of the various organ systems depends on the body’s circulating energy, known as Qi, moving in a harmonious and balanced way through a network of meridians (channels) and collaterals beneath the sk...

PURPOSE To compare ocular component growth curves among four refractive error groups in children. methods Cycloplegic refractive error was categorized into four groups: persistent emmetropia between -0.25 and +1.00 D (exclusive) in both the vertical and horizontal meridians on all study visits (n = 194); myopia of at least -0.75 D in both meridians on at least one visit (n = 247); persistent hy...

OBJECTIVE To provide evidence for the existence of 6 myofascial meridians proposed by Myers based on anatomic dissection studies. DATA SOURCES Relevant articles published between 1900 and December 2014 were searched in MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION Peer-reviewed human anatomic dissection studies reporting morphologic continuity between the muscular con...

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to examine the distributions of nitric oxide (NO) in the skin points (acupoints)/meridian regions and determine whether neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein levels were associated with NO concentrations in the areas. DESIGN Low skin resistance points (LSRP) on the skin surface in response to electrical stimuli were performed in anesthetize...

LetM andM− be oriented 3-dimensional handlebodies whose boundary is identified with an oriented surface S of genus g > 1 in such a way that the orientation of S agrees with the orientation of ∂M and does not with the one of ∂M−. Given a mapping class f ∈ MCG(S) we consider the closed, oriented 3-manifold Nf =M + ∪f M− obtained by identifying the boundaries of M and M− via f . In this note we st...

In the present paper, loxodromes, which cut all meridians and parallels of twisted surfaces (that can be considered as a generalization rotational surfaces) at constant angle, have been studied in Euclidean 3-space also some examples constructed to visualize support our theory.

According to the theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), energy runs through 12 meridians longitudinally up and down the body. The study objectives were to compare the meridian energy between subjects with and without abnormal gastroscopy findings. We applied a cross-sectional and correlational research design. The study included 1,223 participants who had their health examinations at a...

Qi, meridians, and acupoints are important issues in Chinese medicine. One of the theories claims that acupuncture points and meridians have unique electrical properties. The associations between acupuncture points or meridians and special electrical properties are still under debate. In the current study, we introduced and explained a device for this kind of research and evaluated the reliabil...