The subject of this paper is the story of an ancient medical instrument. This instrument is a wooden vaginal speculum used in classical and Islamic medicine. Its drawings can be found in Abulcasis al-Zahrawi's and Şerefeddin Sabuncuoğlu's illustrated books of surgery.

Detecting the location entities mentioned in Twitter messages is useful in text mining for business, marketing or defence applications. Therefore, techniques for extracting the location entities from the Twitter textual content are needed. In this work, we approach this task in a similar manner to the Named Entity Recognition (NER) task focused only on locations, but we address a deeper task: c...

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e storage ring DORIS II, we have measured the Michel parameters , , and for ! l  decays in -pair events produced at center of mass energies in the region of the resonances. Using ! as spin analyzing tags, we nd e = 0:68 0:04 0:08, e = 1:12 0:20 0:09, e = 0:57 0:14 0:07, = 0:69 0:06 0:08, = 1:25 0:27 0:14 and = 0:72 0:18 0:10. In addition, we report the combine...

In the presence of nuisance parameters, we derive an explicit higher order asymptotic formula to compare the expected lengths of conndence intervals given by likelihood ratio statistics arising from the usual proole likelihood and various adjustments thereof. Highest posterior density regions, with approximate frequentist validity, are also included in the study.

For hypotheses of the type H0 : θ = θ0 vs H1 : θ 6= θ0 we demonstrate the equivalence of a Bayesian hypothesis test using a Bayes factor and the corresponding classical test, for a large class of models, which are detailed in the paper. In particular, we show that the role of the prior and critical region for the Bayes factor test is only to specify the type I error. This is their only role sin...

In this article, mixed convection flow and heat transfer characteristics inside a ventilated enclosure have been investigated. A heat-generating circular block positioned at the centre of the enclosure. Discretization of governing equations is achieved using a finite element technique based on Galerkin weighted residuals. The computation is carried out for a wide range of pertinent parameters s...