The finite element method (FEM) can be applied to practically analyze the tall buildings in which the shear walls are used to resist the lateral loads. Accordingly, a variety of displacement and strain-based as well as frame macro elements have been proposed for analysis of the tall buildings. With respect to application of the lower order plane stress elements, analytical problems may arise wi...

This paper discusses whether there are elements in spoken Sinhala that can be appropriately labeled auxiliary verbs, adopting the framework of grammaticalization theory (Hopper and Traugott 1993). While auxiliaries are thought of as a nearly universal cross-linguistic category (Steele 1978), the term is not mentioned in standard works on Sinhala (Gair and Paolillo 1997, Gair 1998). On the basis...

The importance and attraction of the Multi-Agent System (MAS) topic are increased, nowadays. The techniques for the modeling of such systems are indivisible part of their software processes. They have to be applied with emphasis on the special requirements or properties of Multi-Agent Systems, e.g. autonomy of elements, intelligence of elements. This paper describes the ideas and methods to mod...

In this paper, an ultra-low-noise amplifier with frequency band switching capability is designed, simulated and fabricated. The two frequency ranges of this amplifier consist of the 2.4 to 2.5 GHz and 3.1 GHz to 3.15 GHz frequency bands. The designed amplifier has a noise figure of less than 1dB, a minimum gain of 23 dB and a VSWR of less than 2 in the whole frequency band. The design process s...

Dharmakīrti （c. A.D. 600-660） mentioned two examples of esoteric literature in his Pramāṇavārttikasvavṛtti: the Ḍākinītantra and Bhaginītantra. Karṇakagomin 9-10th century） rephrased Bhaginītantra as Caturbhaginītantra （The Tantra Four Sisters） commentary on Pramāṇavārttikasvavṛtti titled Pramāṇavārttikaṭīkā. An earlier study presumed that Sisters here were four goddesses Jayā, Vijayā, Ajitā/Ja...

The design of earthquake-resistant buildings starts with defining the maximum lateral earthquake forces or their resultant. The amount of these forces depends on various factors, including coefficient of system behavior which depends on overstrength and its ductility. In this study, a method is presented for designing an earthquake-resistant system in which the distribution of lateral forces is...