OBJECTIVE To determine what the tobacco industry knew about menthol's relation to smoking cessation behaviour. METHODS A snowball sampling design was used to systematically search the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (LTDL) (http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu) between 15 May to 1 August 2010. Of the approximately 11 million documents available in the LTDL, the iterative searches returned tens of ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine gel (CHX-G) 2%, chlorhexidine powder (CHX-P) 1%, povidone-iodine (PVP-I), polyhexanide and camphorated-and-mentholated chlorophenol (ChKM) ex vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS For every medicament group 10 root segments (15 mm long) of extracted human teeth were prepared to ISO-size 45 and sterilized (n = 50)....

BACKGROUND The ratio of 3'hydroxycotinine to cotinine, or nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), is strongly associated with CYP2A6 genotype, CYP2A6-mediated nicotine and cotinine metabolism, and nicotine clearance. Higher NMR (faster nicotine clearance) is associated retrospectively with heavier smoking and lower cessation rates. METHODS NMR as a predictive biomarker of cessation outcomes is being...

Incidence and mortality rates for lung cancer in the United States are significantly greater in blacks than in whites. This disparity cannot be explained by differences in smoking behavior. We hypothesize that the observed racial differences in risk may be due to differences in the metabolic activation or detoxification of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)...

BACKGROUND Severe neonatal jaundice with associated acute bilirubin encephalopathy occurs frequently in low- and middle-income countries, where advanced diagnostic technology is in short supply. In an effort to facilitate the physical diagnosis of acute bilirubin encephalopathy, we pilot-tested a modified bilirubin induced neurologic dysfunction scoring algorithm in a group of pediatric trainee...

Menthol cigarettes have been found to be more addictive and a higher difficulty of smoking cessation among smokers (1). The impact of menthol cigarette smoking, including nicotine dependence is worrying the public (2-4) and the younger generation (5) globally. Menthol cigarettes are associated with increasing trend of smoking initiation among young non-smoking women (6) and young male adults (7...

LAMBORGHINI BRAND SHARING AND CIGARETTE ADVERTISING Licensing and brand sharing arrangements, where a fee or royalty is paid for use of a name, is a common strategic consideration to provide a newly introduced product or service with an immediate and proven brand identity (table 1).1 Serving as such an example, Korean Tomorrow and Global (KT&G), which is South Korea’s leading tobacco firm, laun...

The major needs in machining are high material removal rate, good work surface finish and low tool wear. These objectives can be achieved by reducing tool wear using proper cutting fluid during machining.The effect of some cutting fluids namely: Mentholated spirit, paraffin, and soluble oil on the flank wear of High-speed steel and carbide tipped tools by orthogonal cutting has been studied. Ce...

Background: This year’s “World No Tobacco Day” on 31 May 2010 (“World Smokefree Day” in New Zealand) focuses on how tobacco is marketed to women.1 This topic is particularly relevant given the current inquiry by the Māori Affairs Select Committee into tobacco issues2 and the very high smoking prevalence among Māori women.3 Prior to middle age, the health consequences of women smoking are more s...