Most biological processes require an enzyme to act as a catalyst in order for the reaction to take place. With the exception of catalytic RNA, all enzymes are proteins. Most importantly, enzymes are highly effective in catalyzing diverse chemical reactions in a regulated, selective, and specific manner. With a few exceptions, most reactions catalyzed by enzymes can be described satisfactorily b...

Based on our experience in kinetic modelling of coupled multiple metabolic pathways, we propose a generic rate equation for the dynamical modelling of metabolic kinetics. It is symmetric for forward and backward reactions. It’s Michaelis-Menten-King-Altman form makes the kinetic parameters (or functions) easy to relate to experimental values in database and to use in computation. In addition, s...

The Michaelis-Menten (MM) equation is the basic equation of enzyme kinetics; it is also a basic building block of many models of biological systems. We build a stochastic and microscopic model of enzyme kinetics inside a small subcellular compartment. Using both theory and simulations, we show that intrinsic noise induces a breakdown of the MM equation even if steady-state metabolic conditions ...

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk peri-prosthetic fracture constructs made with cephalomedullary (CM) long and short nails. nails were titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) stainless steel (SS 316L). Methods: Biomechanical evaluation CM nail carried out regard post-primary healing determine peri-implant/peri-prosthetic fractures. Therefore, research comprised of, non-fractured...