The appearance of different social media has been very influential in individuals’ life. The most common social networks are virtual social networks which have been fascinated by many users because of a lot of similarities with human society, and communications and interactions which are formed in it. This study investigates the role of membership and participation in virtual social network on ...

Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring with non-zero identity and $fa$ an ideal of $R$. Let $M$ be a finite $R$--module of finite projective dimension and $N$ an arbitrary finite $R$--module. We characterize the membership of the generalized local cohomology modules $lc^{i}_{fa}(M,N)$ in certain Serre subcategories of the category of modules from upper bounds. We define and study the properti...

Following Easton’s conceptual framework discussed in the introductory chapter, a hierarchical relationship exists between three objects of support: output support, support for institutions, and support for the community. The latter two objects of support are examined in turn in two subsequent chapters on trust in European political institutions and the relationship between citizenship and ident...

Uncertainty avoidance may explain why younger and older people were less likely to be union members. overview institutions are resilient social structures that grow because of their perceived legitimacy (Scott, 2001). Labour unions are institutions that may flourish when they are perceived as legitimate (Bronfenbrenner, 1997; Hurd, Milkman and Turner, 2003). This study extends prior research on...

OBJECTIVES Assessing the degree of involvement and participation in thoracic surgical research as well as surgical quality improvement conducted across Canadian institutions is difficult as no common data collection system and no prior studies exist. As a pilot investigation, we designed and conducted a membership survey of the Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons (CATS) to evaluate the ex...

We propose a theory of party competition (two parties, single-issue) where citizens acquire party membership by contributing money to a party, and where a member’s influence on the policy taken by her party is proportional to her campaign contribution. The polity consists of informed and uninformed voters: only informed voters join parties, and the party campaign chest, the sum of its received ...

32 Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta E C O N O M I C R E V I E W Third Quarter 1998 The ensuing debate about limits of credit union membership has extended, quite naturally, to credit union tax status (see, for example, Bickley 1997; McConnell 1998; Robinson 1998). Meanwhile, the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate have overwhelmingly passed and the President has signed a bill that would sub...

Despite the apparent stability of the wage bargaining institutions in West Germany, aggregate union membership has been declining dramatically since the early 90’s. However, aggregate gross membership numbers do not distinguish by employment status and it is impossible to disaggregate these sufficiently. This paper uses four waves of the German Socioeconomic Panel in 1985, 1989, 1993, and 1998 ...