By-products and waste materials are potentially valuable inputs into a variety of industrial processes. Markets are being aimed at capitalizing on the use and reuse of these materials as inputs. The literature on reverse logistics analysis mostly concentrates on the end-of-life products recovery systems and mainly does not address the recovery process for waste/by-products streams in an exchang...

Developing countries of the world are alarmed by the focus of the developed countries upon disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are potentially harmful to human health, particularly those due to chlorination. In many economically disadvantaged countries chlorination is currently the only affordable barrier against the transmission of waterborne disease: their only choice is between microbiologi...

The Maillard reaction is of great significance in food, herb medicines, and life processes. It usually occurring during the process food medicines processing storage. formed productions (MRPs) not only generate a large number efficacy components but also small amount harmful substance that cannot be ignored. Some MRPs, especially advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are concerning humans, bas...

Production of a high value zeolite from fly ash has been shown to be an avenue for the utilization of South African fly ash which presently constitutes a huge disposal problem. The synthesis of zeolites Na-P1 and analcime on a micro-scale has been successful and preliminary investigation shows that scale-up synthesis is promising. However, the post-synthesis supernatant waste generated contains...

The condition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Malaysia, which contains excessive moisture complicate the segregation process of recycling and making the use of such technology as solid waste burning unsuitable and harmful. In addition, not much MSW pre-treatment is carried out in Malaysia to reduce the moisture content. Although Malaysia’s first waste-to-energy plant has proven to be relative...

INTRODUCTION Heating rather than burning tobacco reduces levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents, and consumer products using this approach aim to reduce exposure to tobacco toxicants. The Tobacco Heating System (THS) version 2.1 has been enhanced from earlier prototypes with an improved heat control and sensorial experience and thereby user acceptance. Exposure measurements are ...