Piezo ceramics are the key to significant improvements over conventional electromagnetic motors for the execution of precise movements with medical equipment. The latest generation piezo ceramic motors and actuators are more compact, require lower voltage, deliver higher torque, have shorter response time, generate less heat, and are nonmagnetic and vacuum compatible compared to EM motors. With...

Nowadays, the role of technology innovations in precaution, early diagnosis, and treatment is not deniable due to the increase in various types of electronics. Additionally, increasing costs of medical services and lack of medical expertise and specialists in remote regions double the necessity of using technology in this field. Wearable technology comprising a large group of worn gadgets, incl...

Introduction: Nowadays, more than 10,000 different types of medical devices can be found in hospitals. This way, medical electrical equipment is being employed in a wide variety of fields in medical sciences with different physiological effects and measurements. Hospitals and medical centers must ensure that their critical medical devices are safe, accurate, reliable and operational at the requ...

European legislation provides that each product used for healthcare purposes be regulated according to specific directives and regulations based on its intended use mechanism of action. However, qualification issues may arise medical devices, their accessories, medicinal products. This is the case with gases spirometry, which support spirometers in measuring patients’ pulmonary capacities. arti...

Medical device manufacturers conduct clinical studies in Italy for various reasons, including the size of the Italian market and the presence of leading health-technology centres. This article discusses the manner in which the European requirements for medical device clinical investigations are interpreted and enforced in Italy.

The requirements for conducting medical device clinical studies in Europe are not identical in all Member States. That is, variations exist in the way that the requirements in the European Directives are interpreted and enforced. This article provides an overview of the requirements that currently apply in Italy.